Thirty genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by different wheat research institutes/ stations of Pakistan were evaluated for grain production and quality characters at PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Medium to high genetic diversity was seen for number of days to heading, maturity days, time required for filling of grain, plant height tillers/ m2, spikes / plant, spikelets count/spike, grains/ spike, one thousand grain weight, grain production /plant, grain moisture content, ash content, protein content, wet gluten and lysine content. These genotypes were classified into four clusters on the average linkage basis. Cluster I comprised of nine genotypes including four approved wheat varieties. Genotypes in first cluster possessed greater mean values for grain (Number/ spike, grain production/ plant, protein content, wet gluten and lysine content). Cluster II contained early maturing genotypes taking less grain filling period. Wheat genotypes in cluster III were late in flowering and maturity, whereas, genotypes in cluster IV had small stature, less spike number /plant, less grain number / spike and were also poor yielder. Eight contrasting genotypes were selected on the basis of yield and quality characters and crossed in all possible combinations to ascertain the genetic basis of variation. Results of genetic examination exposed the pronounced effects of additive variance for number of days to heading, grain filling period and grains /spike. Variance component (additive & dominance) were playing their role in the manifestation of maturity, plant tallness, tillers number in each plant, spikes in each plant, spikelets in each spike, grains number / spike, one thousand grain weight, grain production and all quality characters. Maternal effects were also observed in most of the cases. Graphical representation exhibited the involvement of partial dominance for all the characters under study, except spikelets number / spike and ash content. Spikelets number was controlled due to over dominance of gene. Scaling tests did not validate the data set of ash content for further examination i.e. estimation of genetic parameters and graphical examination. Coefficients of genotypic and phenotypic variation and heritability estimates were computed in F2 population of 8 x 8 diallel cross of wheat. Results exposed higher magnitude of genotypic variances in case of plant height, one thousand grain weight and grain production /plant. The coefficients were low for lysine content and protein content and moderate for other characters. Heritability estimates were generally high for all characters and expressed the significance of additive gene effects. The F2 data were analyzed for correlation and path coefficient analyses. Number of days to heading, maturity, plant height and weight of one thousand grains were positively linked with grain production, whereas the correlation of grain production with lysine content and protein content was negative. The results of path coefficient examination exposed that maturity days, spike number /plant and one thousand grain weight directly and positively influenced the grain yield. The direct effects of number of days to heading, plant height, protein content and lysine content on grain production /plant were negative.
ڈاکٹر سید محی الدین زور قادری اردو زبان کے مشہور خدمت گذار اور نامور صاحبِ قلم ڈاکٹر سید محی الدین زور قادری کی وفات دنیائے اردو کا بڑا سانحہ ہے، انھوں نے علمی اور عملی دونوں حیثیتوں سے اردو زبان و ادب کی بڑی خدمت کی، وہ دکن کے مولوی عبدالحق اور دکنیات کے خصوصیت کے ساتھ بڑے ماہر تھے، قدیم دکھنی اردو کی بہت سی نادر کتابیں انھوں نے شائع کیں، ان کاسب سے بڑا کارنامہ ادارۂ ادبیاتِ اردو حیدرآباد ہے، اس ادارہ نے اردو زبان و ادب کی جو گوناگوں خدمات انجام دیں، اس کی مثال اردو کے اس کی عمر کے اداروں میں نہیں مل سکتی، اس کی․․․․․․․ حیثیت دکن میں وہی ہے، جو شمالی ہند میں انجمن ترقی اردو ہند کی ہے اور آج اندھراپردیش میں اردو کا وجود اور اس کا وقار اسی ادارے کے دم سے قائم ہے، ڈاکٹر زور کی مستقل تصانیف اور ان کی مرتب اور شائع کردہ کتابوں کی تعداد ایک درجن سے زیادہ ہوگی، وہ حیدرآباد کے ایک خانوادۂ مشائخ سے تعلق رکھتے تھے، اسی نسبت سے اپنے نام کے ساتھ قادری لکھتے تھے، اور اس سلسلہ کو انھوں نے قائم بھی رکھا تھا، چناچہ ان کے بڑے صاحبزادے ان کی خاندانی خانقاہ کے سجادہ نشین ہیں، مگر ان کی علمی و ادبی شہرت نے ان کی اس حیثیت کو اتنا چھپا دیا تھا کہ اس کا علم بھی بہتوں کو نہیں ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۶۲ء)
Whenever we chronically morph into the history of the American intervention in Afghanistan it adheres to the fact that the war on terror was a rigid response of US aggression towards their failure in resisting the 9/11 attack of 2001 or for the sack of utter humanity or humanitarian rights. But on the contrary, many analysts and scholars on realistic ground justify the notion of war on terror as a strategic war which none the less determined the most figure of sustenance of US- hegemony in South Asia along with enormous illustrations of uncountable violation of human rights or the right of liberty the US administration, under the prism of liberalism. And now when the NATO alliance has existed from Afghanistan after a long constitutive war of 20 years without a remediate response, it enacts a dispersed or iconic philosophical thought that was the war on terror was a success or utter failure? The article will foretell the events that led to the war on terror from USA perspectives and policies its decisive defeat along with the rising of Taliban government with future threat and ties of it among state, under the prism of realism or the realist school of thought.
The attitude towards learning and motivation of learners is an important factor in which teachers play a crucial role. This is important more so in learning of a foreign or second language. This study is concerned with how teachers and learners perceive teachers‘ motivational behaviour and what impact it has on the learners‘ attitude and motivation towards learning to communicate in English language. To this end, a questionnaire was developed based on Dornyei and Csizer‘s (1998) Motivational Strategies Orientation of Language Teaching (MOLT), observation scheme developed by Guilloteaux & Dornyei (2008), and Dornyei‘s (2001) process-oriented model of motivational teacher practice ‗Motivational Strategies Questionnaire‘ (Cheng & Dornyei, 2007), available on his personal website. The items selected for both teachers and learners were made part of the classroom observation checklist to ascertain if particular behaviour of teachers and learners in the language classrooms occurs that determine learners‘ attitude and motivation towards learning oral communication of English language. The study took place at City University of Science and IT, Peshawar (CUSIT) and Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar (IMS). The questionnaires were administered to learners (N-175) and teachers (N-12). There were four open-ended questions incorporated in the teachers‘ questionnaire to further add some in depth information, which the close-ended questionnaire could not cover. The participants were undergraduate students, both male and female, of Management Science, Computer Sciences, Engineering and Education taking the course of Freshman English 1, 2, 3 and Functional English. At the end of the study, the collected data was analysed through descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA and Dummy variable by using SPSS. The results showed that the student participants expressed their weak satisfaction over their teachers‘ motivational teaching practices while the teachers perceived their teaching practices on a higher level strongly believing them to be the source for the learners‘ positive attitude and motivation towards speaking skill. It is recommended that there is a need to fill that gap between teachers and learners to ascertain the smooth learning of English language. There is a need to motivate learners to engage in different and interesting communicative activities so that a confidence level in the learners could be increased. As the KP learners are highly attached to Pashto language and its culture, so playing videos of the culture of the target language could be highly beneficial for the learners of KP. The learners should be encouraged to communicate in the target language so that hesitation in communicating in the target language could be minimized.