Pakistan ranks at 4th position with respect to global area and production of cotton, however the yield level is still low as compared to other major cotton producing countries. There are so many pathways which contribute to the final yield of cotton plant, one of which may be the exploitation and selection for some basic traits related to boll. Keeping in view the importance of within-boll yield components in determining the final yield, present study was carried out in research area of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to estimate the genetic basis of various yield and quality attributes, combining ability and heterotic manifestation and correlation of agronomic, boll related and fibre quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum L. For this study two crosses were made involving four contrasting parents with respect to seed cotton yield and fibre quality characters. Crosses were made following triple test cross model and data on various agronomic, boll related and fibre quality traits were recorded and analyzed. Significant amount of epistatic interaction was found to be involved in expression of almost all the traits. The additive variance was greater in magnitude that dominance variance for traits like number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield per plant, lint percentage, lint index, fibre fineness, lint mass per boll and lint mass per seed resulting in partial degree of dominance for these traits. While dominance variance was found to be greater in magnitude than additive variance for average boll weight, fibre length, fibre strength, number of seeds per boll, seed mass per boll, seed index, seed volume and seed surface area resulting in over-dominance type of gene action. Seed density showed complete dominance of the genes. BH-89 showed highest positive GCA effects for most of the traits. Among testers, CIM-1100, CIM-496and FH- 634 showed significant GCA effects for most of the traits. NIAB-999 × CIM-70 proved to be the best regarding seed cotton yield per plant and seed surface area. Combination of S- 12 with (NIAB-228 × BH-160) showed maximum value regarding lint percentage, fibre length, seed volume and seed surface area, it also proved to be the best for seed density when combined with NIAB-228. The highest value of mid and better parent heterosis regarding number of bolls per plant (43.60% and 25.52%), seed cotton yield per plant (61.41% and 30.67%) and seed number per boll (17.28% and 16.14%) was observed for the hybrid BH-89 × CIM-496. Correlation studies revealed that bolls per plant were positively associated with seed cotton yield. Average boll weight showed significant positive correlation fibre strength and seed cotton yield. In the second cross, number of bolls per plant showed positive correlation with boll weight, fibre strength and seed cotton yield. Number of seeds per boll was positively associated with lint percentage, fibre length and seed cotton yield. Fibre length and fibre fineness were negatively correlated. Fibre length showed positive association with seed cotton yield.
لندن کے امپرئیل کالج آف سائنس میں مسٹر آرتہر ہیورڈ سائنس سے متعلق ایک تجربہ کرتے کرتے وفات پاگئے، وہ کچھ عرصہ سے فن تصویر کشی (فوٹوگرافی) سے متعلق تجربات میں مشغول تھے، اور آخری تجربہ ایک تاریک کمرہ کے اندر کررہے تھے، کمرہ میں روشنی کا کسی۔۔۔۔ ان سے گذر نہ تھا، اور اس کی چھت اور دیواریں سیاہ رنگ سے رنگی ہوئی تھیں، کمرہ اندر سے بند تھا، کہ وفعتہ زور سے ایک تڑاقا ہوا، مسٹر موصوف کے استاد پروفیسر بون باہر تھے، وہ یہ آواز سن کر دوڑے کمرہ کے اندر انھوں نے جھانکا تو معلوم ہوا بجلی کی روشنی ہورہی ہے، ایک ہتھوڑا لے کر انہوں نے دروازہ توڑا اور اندر گئے تو دیکھا کہ مسٹر ہیورڈ خون میں شرابور پڑے ہوئے ہیں اور دیکھتے ہی دیکھتے ختم ہوگئے، پروفیسر بون کی رائے میں جس آلہ سے وہ تجربہ کررہے تھے، اتفاقاً پھٹ گیا اور اس کے اندر جو زہریلی گیس تھی، اس کے صدمہ سے ان کی گردن سخت مجروح ہوئی اور یہی باعث ہلاکت ہوا۔ (فروری ۱۹۲۱ء)
Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani is one of the leading Deoband Hanafi Islamic Scholars living today from Pakistan. He is the son of late Molana Muhammad Shafi, the grand mufti of Pakistan. He is the brother of Islamic scholars Muhammad Rafi Usmani, Muhammad Wali Razi, Muhammad Razi Usmani as well as of Urdu poet Muhammad Zaki Kaifi. He is regarded as an expert in the fields of Hadith, Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh), Economics and Tasawwuf. He served as a judge on the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan from 1980 to 1982 and the Shariat Appellate Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan between 1982 and 2002. He is generally known as one of the leading Shariah Scholars active in the field of Islamic finance. For more than a decade he has served as Chairman or Member of Shariah Supervisory boards of a dozen Islamic banks and prestigious financial institutions in various parts of the world. Allah Almighty has blessed him with the writing skill. He has written translations of the Holy Quran in both English and Urdu. He has been writing on various Islamic topics in Arabic, Urdu & English and is author of more than 70 books and numerous articles, published in a number of journals and magazines. In his books, Justice Taqi Usmani has discussed the solutions of individual, collective, social, political and economic problems in the light of Islamic principles. His books are very famous not only in Pakistan but also in India, Malaysia, Bangladesh and many other countries in the world. With this perspective, the present article deals with the introduction of important books of Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani.
Producing highly skilled, competent teachers in developing countries, such as Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan, requires an on-going teacher education, training and support. A number of research studies indicate that mentoring provides a highly useful service for teachers in their continuing education. As such, mentoring has been widely accepted as a process to support beginning teachers' professional development. However, little is known in developing countries about what mentoring is, and to what extent it brings improvement in teaching and learning. Therefore, in this particular case study was designed to explore the contribution of mentoring in facilitating the beginning teachers' teaching practice and the improvement that this can bring in the students' learning outcomes, in a developing country's context. The study is largely based on interview data provided by a mentor and two mentee teachers who were the participants of this study. During the study, the mentee teachers disclosed the factors, that they perceived to be the most influential in affecting their progress as teachers. In line with many research studies, this particular research confirms that the attitude and skills of a mentor are a critical factor in raising the confidence and self-esteem of beginning teachers. The findings of the study indicate that mentoring creates a model for extending the learning process and, thus, it evolves to serve a pivotal function for nurturing the beginning teachers' professional development, in their initial years of experience in the classroom. The study pays particular attention to the impact of the mentoring process on improving the students' learning, and suggests a number of strategies for further improving the students' learning outcomes. Based on the results of the research findings, the study confirms that improvement in beginning teachers' teaching practice produces substantial improvement in students' learning outcomes. In addition, some recommendations and implications have been drawn from the study, so as to contribute to the betterment of the mentoring process in Pakistani schools and also in schools in Kyrgyzstan.