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Home > Genetic Divergence Estimation Through Agro-Morphological, Bio-Chemical and Molecular Markers in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L.

Genetic Divergence Estimation Through Agro-Morphological, Bio-Chemical and Molecular Markers in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L.

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Ibrar, Danish

Program

PhD

Institute

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

City

Rawalpindi

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Plant Breeding & Genetics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13401/1/Danish%20Ibrar%202019%20plant%20breeding%20arid%20rwp%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726287653

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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop. In Pakistan, it is the third biggest source of edible oil. Every year Pakistan spends huge amount of its foreign reserves on import of edible oil and now Pakistan is the third largest importer of edible oilseeds in world after China and India. Our local production has decreased over the years and now our local edible oil production is only the 13% of our demand. To bridge the gap between supply and demand of edible oil in Pakistan, government has to focus on Sunflower crop. For increasing the sunflower production new and improved local sunflower hybrids should be developed. Information of Genetic diversity study is a prerequisite for designing any breeding program. In the first experiment genetic diversity among 109 sunflower lines was estimated at morphological, bio-chemical and molecular level. For morphological characterization 109 sunflower lines were evaluated during Spring-2015 and Spring-2016 at National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad following Augmented Design. The studied genotypes showed significant amount of variation on the basis of results obtained by cluster analysis and Principal component analysis. SDS-PAGE technique was used to study the variability among the sunflower genotypes at bio-chemical level. Genetic variability at molecular level was studied using SSR markers. Morphological and molecular based characterization showed considerable amount of genetic variation among the studied sunflower genotypes, while these genotypes showed less than 3% dis-similarity through SDS-PAGE based bio-chemical genetic study. The second experiment was for the identification of heterotic groups among the studied material. Heterotic groups were identified by combing the morphological and molecular data sets as, combining different data sets has been found useful in increasing the resolution of experiment. Two major clusters one of CMS and maintainer lines and other of restorer lines were observed. Six sub-groups in each major cluster were observed and one best performing genotype from each subgroup was selected. In third experiment, 12 parents (6 CMS and 6 Restorer) selected from heterotic groups was crossed in LxT mating design during autumn, 2016 to develop crosses and study the efficacy of identified heterotic groups and gene action. 36 crosses developed along with their parents and checks were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at two locations (NARC and URF) during spring-2017. Three best performing hybrids (RHP-41 x CMS-HAP-56, RHP-71 x CMS-HAP- 111, RHP-71 x CMS-HAP-12) were found to be best for seed yield and oil contents over three check hybrids and four best combining parents i.e., CMS-HAP-12, CMS-HAP-56, RHP-41 and RHP-71 were also identified. Results of our study showed that heterotic grouping among sunflower could be developed and strengthened on the basis of morphological and SSR markers to pace up the hybrid development in Sunflower.
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آثم مرزا

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DOSE RESPONSE OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON AGILITY IN CRICKET PLAYERS

Aims of Study: From last one decade, advancements in formats of cricket demand agility in the players so that they can play in better way without injury. The aim of this study was to determine which dose of plyometric training is effective to enhance agility in cricket players. Methodology: Randomized Controlled Trial was registered in US clinical Trial registry (NCT04350385). 40 cricket players were recruited in study, out of which n=20 players were placed in experimental group and n=20 players were in control group. Assessments were taken as baseline and after third week and on sixth week through Illinois Agility Run test, T test and Vertical jump test. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 23. Independent t test was used for between group analysis and paired t test for within group. Results: Group comparison through T-agility and Illinois test shows significant effect in experimental group (p>0.009). Post intervention Mean±SD of vertical jump test in experimental group was 31.90±2.55 with significant effect (p=0.001). Limitation and Future Implications: This study can be done on both genders. Players can improve their performance by working on plyometric training and agility. Originality: This was original work and never published before. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that plyometric training is effective in improving agility of the cricket players. Players can improve their performance by working on plyometric training and agility.

Synthesis and Characterizations of Magnetic Nanomaterials

The work presented in this PhD dissertation deals with the synthesis and characterizations of magnetic nanostructures using chemical methods. These nanostructures include nanoparticles, core/shell nanoparticles and core/shell nanowires which were synthesized via chemical coprecipitation method, solution evaporation method and sol-gel route followed by electrodeposition respectively. In this research, structural and magnetic properties of various ferrites (Spinel, Perovskite and Hexa-ferrites) with different dopant and chemical composition have been explored. Core/shell structure for nanoparticles and nanowires has also been studied in detail. Subsequently, the crystallinity and the phase purity of nanostructures were studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface morphology, grain size, and chemical composition was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) techniques respectively. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used for room temperature magnetic measurements, however, low temperature characterizations were performed with the help of physical property measurement system (PPMS). We have reported magnetic properties of La1-xCoxMnO3 nanostructures synthesized by hydrothermal route. The crystal structure has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, which shows rhombohedral perovskite structure at room temperature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have been used to analyse morphology and chemical composition of prepared nanoparticles. Magnetic hysteresis loops of all the samples exhibit ferromagnetic behaviour at 10 K. Inverse susceptibility graphs as a function of temperature represent deviation from Curie Weiss law. The indication for short range ferromagnetic clusters well above Curie temperature is observed due to the Griffiths Phase (GP). It is proposed that the presence of GP arises from induced size effects of La and Co ions. BiFe1-xCoxO3 (0≤x≤0.1) nanoparticles prepared by using solution evaporation method endorsed the formation of rhombohedral Perovskite crystal structure with R3c space group. Structural parameters show decreasing behavior of lattice constants and increasing behavior of X-ray density by increase in doping (Co) content in BiFeO3. XRD vi and TEM claimed average particle size of 39 nm. Room temperature magnetic results shows increase in Hc and Ms of nanoparticles up to doping content of 7.5%. On the other hand, low temperature magnetic measurements showed increasing trend of magnetic parameters with decreasing temperature. Variation in coercivity with temperature was followed theoretically by using Kneller’s law while, saturation magnetization followed the modified Bloch’s law in temperature range of 5-300K. Thirdly, a series of hexaferrite nanoparticles, with general formula Ba2Co2-xMnxFe12O22 (0≤x≤1) was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. It was found that with increasing Mn concentration grain size of hexaferrite nanoparticles increased from few nanometers to micrometer range. Furthermore, magnetic analyzes revealed that with increasing Mn concentration at octahedral and tetrahedral sites, the coercivity and squareness were found to increase from 455Oe to 2550Oe, and 0.23 to 0.47, respectively. Theoretical approach was also used to calculate saturation magnetization of synthesized samples. Along with ferrite nanoparticles, core/shell nanoparticles of ferrite material were prepared. 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