ڈاکٹر احمر لاری مرحوم
۲۸؍ فروری کو پروفیسر احمر لاری بیاسی برس کی عمر میں اپنے خالق حقیقی سے جاملے، اِناﷲ وَاِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔ وہ گورکھپور یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ اردو سے تعلق رکھنے والے قابل اور محنتی استاد تھے جن سے ان کا شعبہ، ملک میں معروف ہوا اور وہ خود پروفیسر محمود الٰہی جیسے لائق ترین صدر شعبہ کی سرپرستی و رہنمائی میں ملک کے اچھے لکھنے والوں میں شمار ہوئے۔ بظاہر نجیف و نزار بیمار نظر آتے لیکن قلم بڑا توانا تھا۔ حسرت موہانی ان کی تحقیق کا مرکز رہے، ان کا تحقیقی مقالہ جوبعدمیں کتاب کی شکل میں شائع ہوا ان کی غیرمعمولی محنت سے اپنے موضوع پر اسی طرح مصدر و مرجع بن گیا جیسا خود ان کے ایک رفیق پروفیسر افغان اﷲ خاں مرحوم کا فراق پر مقالہ تھا، حسرت موہانی سے ان کا یہ تحقیقی تعلق، مستقل رشتے میں یوں بدلا کہ انہوں نے حسرت موہانی کے تذکرہ شعراء اور ارباب سخن کوبھی مرتب کرکے شائع کیا۔ ارباب سخن کا مقدمہ ان کی تنقیدی صلاحیت کا بڑا خوبصورت آئینہ ہے جس میں اردو تذکرہ نگاری کا انہوں نے جامع اختصار سے جائزہ لیا ہے۔
ان کی کتابوں میں گلدستۂ نازنیناں، نکات سخن، غالب اور غالبیات اور اردو تنقید کا ارتقاء، نام بھی آتے ہیں۔ انہوں نے مختصر تاریخ گورکھپور بھی مرتب کی۔ ان کا اصل قصبہ لار تھا لیکن انہوں نے پیمان وفا گورکھپور سے ایسا باندھا کہ بالآخر اسی کی خاک کا حصہ ہوئے۔ بیماری آزاری کے باوجود وہاں کی علمی و ادبی مجلسوں میں ضرور شریک ہوتے، پروفیسر افغان اﷲ خاں مرحوم کے بعد ان مجلسوں میں ان کے دم سے رونق تھی۔ افسوس ان کے جانے کے بعد ویرانی کا احساس اور زیادہ ہوگا کہ محض علم و ادب کا ایک شیدائی ہی نہیں ایک ملنسار، غمگسار...
This research article consist unique study regarding constitution of Human being character building in the thoughts of eminent philosopher Shah Wali Ullah (1703-1764). In present critique the focus has been made to explore how individual characters build in the specific environments? How surrounding effects on the character building? Moreover linkage of Islamic ‘IB└DA and its positive impact on the Muslim society has been explored. In interpretation of Shah Wali Ullah, All ‘IB└DA are like tools which lead to generate four basic ethics i.e purity and transparency capitulation, gainful and abstinence. These are the basic moral code which are the ultimate result of the four kind of ‘IB└DA i.e prayer, fasting, zakat and hajj. Muslim has inestimable inner power in the form of six lat┐’ef )اطلفئ, )which ultimately resulted upon the change of behavior. Character building are etiquettes, noble practices, decentness and good morality. It is generally refers to a code of conduct, that an individual group or society hold as authoritative in distinguishing right from wrong. Ethics are phenomenon values and can develop up to reasonable universal standards. Conduct in Islam governs all aspects of life and specifically addresses such principles as truthfulness, honesty, trust, sincerity, brotherhood and justice, while Islam forbid false, conspiracy, dodge, rude, irascibility, corruption. To materialize the virtues and disgrace the fake a role model prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) were deputed from Allah to guide the human being. So In present article character building in the theory of Shah Wali Ullah especially while in other Muslims scholars in general has diagnosed.
Determination of the size of a defect in a given material is important from industrial usage point of view. In this work, a computational technique has been developed that takes a humble step forward from just qualitative description of defect, such as “big” or “small” to its area-wise quantification. Our program (by the name “DEFAREA”) accepts a 2D grayscale image of an investigated specimen as input and sizes the irregular shaped defects contained therein in terms of the area occupied by them. In case where a defect feature is of regular shape being a projected image of a cylinder or a sphere the program is also able to produce volumetric results. The program exploits the fact that defects offer color contrasts that are different from the rest of the image (such as bone fracture in X- ray radiograph). It is based on grayscale thresholding (GT) whereby it first iterates down to compute a minimum value of graylevel that separates the first peak from the rest of the distribution in the grayscale spectrum of the given input image. This threshold, which is representative of a particular shade of gray color, is then used to identify, select and count the number of pixels which have graylevel values below the computed threshold. The number of segmented pixels within the whole image size then easily produces not only a numeric fraction of the defective portion of inspected specimen but also the area occupied by the defect if the physical sizes and dimensional measurements of the specimen are known. The main part of the algorithm, however, revolves around devising a reliable computational method to obtain a certainty range in the reported defect size. Certainty range is needed as there physically exists a transition region (TR) between the defective and the immaculate parts of the investigated object that can not be put in either category. TR offers lesser contrast with the flawless part of the image than the pure defect areas. So a given defect is doubly quantified with and without appending the transition region around it with the aid of user-defined adjustability in the computed grayscale threshold. Then finally an average value of defect size is calculated along with an associated certainty. The presented algorithm is validated against physical measurements of some locally fabricated metallic plates having drilled holes of known sizes simulated as defects in them in which the results indicate that it correctly selects and quantifies at least 94.7% of the actual required regions of interest in a given image and it gives less than 8% false alarm rate. The algorithm is then applied to sizing of a wide range of defects commonly encountered in nuclear industry regarding reactor fuels. The images of nuclear fuels used as input in the program are collected from a reference standard source of neutron radiographs. The present work confirms the ability to quantify various kinds of defects such as chipping in nuclear fuel, cracks, voids, melting, deformation, inclusion of foreign materials, heavy isotope accumulation and non-uniformity etc. The classes of fuel range from those of research and power reactors to fast breeders, from fresh nuclear fuel to post-irradiate, and from pellets to annular and vibro-compacted fuel. It is also demonstrated that the program can handle a variety of image sizes, displays several output modes of image segmentation and works well without the need of any smoothening or eroding morphological operations.