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Home > Genetic Diversity of Begomoviruses Affecting Diverse Host Plants in Periurban Areas of Lahore

Genetic Diversity of Begomoviruses Affecting Diverse Host Plants in Periurban Areas of Lahore

Thesis Info

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Author

Qurashi, Fasiha

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Plant Pathology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14472/1/Fasiha%20Qurashi%20plant%20patholgy%202019%20uop%20lhr%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726294280

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Plant foliage exhibiting symptoms indicative of begomovirus infection, veinthickening, leaf curling, yellowing and chlorosis, dwarfing and mosaic were collected from around two km away of Peri-urban areas of Lahore from Multan road, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam campus, Shikhupura, Ferozwala, Wahga border, Sharaqpur and Ferozpur roads in Pakisatan during 2013-2016. Total plant genomic DNA was isolated from leaf tissues by Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method described by Doyle and Doyle, (1990). Universal primers were used to identify the presence of begomovirus and associated DNA-satellite complex (betasatellite, geminivirus associated alphasatellite) and were subjected to rolling circular amplification (RCA). The expected size of PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Specific abutting primers were designed from the available sequences to amplify the full-length begomoviruses. These full-length PCR entities were cloned and sequenced in their entirety. The isolates of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) and Mesta yellow vein virus (MeYVV) with non-cognate Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB) were used to produce partial repeat constructs for agro-inoculation. All reported samples were Old World (OW) monopartite begomoviruses, showing recombination and were associated with DNA-satellite complex. In this study the OW monopartite begomovirus Cherry tomato leaf curl virus (CToLCV) was associated with Papaya leaf curl betasatellite (PaLCuB) and Tobacco curly shoot alphasatellite, first time isolated from Parthenium hysterophorus in Pakistan (Qurashi et al., 2017). Similarly ornamental infecting begomovirus associated with DNA- satellite complex also reported from Malva parviflora, a new strain of Hollyhock leaf curl virus (HoLCV-Mal) associated with Kenaf leaf curl betasatellite (KLCuB) and two geminivirus associated alphasatellites species; Ageratum enation alphasatellite (AEA) and Ageratum yellow vein India alphasatellite (AYVIA) in the sub family Geminialphasatellitinae and the genus Colecusatellite (Briddion et al., 2018) identified from Malva parviflora. According to old alphasatellite classification (Mubin et al., 2009) Ageratum enation alphasatellite specie was known as Ageratum conyzoides alphasatellite (Sattar et al., 2017). Another weed infecting begomovirus was associated with DNA-satellite complex also reported from woody plant mulbery isolated as Ageratum enation virus (AEV) associated with Papaya leaf curl betasatellite (PLCuB) and associated geminivirus alphasatellite; Guar leaf curl alphasatellite, but according to new alphasatellite classification this geminivirus associated alphasatellite specie is known as Ageratum enation alphasatellite (AEA) in the genus Colecusatellite described in detailed in this study. All these begomoviruses associated with DNA-satellite complex are reported for the first time in Pakistan. In this study there was prevalence of Pedilanthus leaf curl virus (PeLCV) infecting diverse host plants; ornamental Cestrum nocturnum and reported for first time from vegetables Trigonella foenum and Piper nigrum woody plant Albizia lebbeck in Pakistan. Pedilanthus leaf curl virus (PeLCV) with geminivirus associated alphasatellites; Ageratum enation alphasatellite also reported from Trigonella foenum Albizia lebbeck, respectively. Infectivity assay of the partial repeat constructs of mastrevirus; Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) and begomovirus; Mesta yellow vein virus (MeYVV) with non-cognate Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB) were checked. These were infectious to experimental host plant Nicotiana benthamiana, the Koch’s postulates for CpCDV alone, MeYVV alone and with non-cognate CLCuMuB showed severe symptoms. All the experimental results were satisfied and confirmed with PCR, real-time PCR and Southern blot hybridization. Furthermore, infectivity assay of recombinant PeLCV alone was also checked through gen gun method but PeLCV did not produce begomoviral symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana, PeLCV need associated betasatellite for begomoviral infection.
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مولانا محمد منظور نعمانی

مولانا محمد منظور نعمانی
گزشتہ مہینے کا معارف اشاعت کے مرحلے میں تھا کہ یہ افسوسناک خبر ملی کہ مولانا محمد منظور نعمانی ۴، ۵؍ مئی کی درمیانی شب میں انتقال فرماگئے۔ انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
اس قحط الرجال میں مولانا جیسے حکمت دین سے واقف صاحب فہم و بصیرت اور مدبر عالم، قوم کے درد مند مصلح اور ملت کے ہمدرد و غم گسار کا اٹھ جانا کس قدر المناک سانحہ ہے۔
مولانا ایک عالم و مصنف اور صاحب سلوک و عرفان بزرگ ہی نہ تھے بلکہ زمانے کے نبض شناس، وقت کے تقاضوں اور حالات سے باخبر اور عاقبت بیں بھی تھے جن کا عمل اس پر تھا کہ:
نکل کر خانقاہوں سے ادا کر رسمِ شبیری
کہ فقرِ خانقاہی ہے فقط اندوہ و دل گیری
وہ مذہبی، اصلاحی، قومی، ملی، تعلیمی اور اجتماعی جدوجہد کے ہر محاذ پر سرگرم اور متحرک دکھائی دیتے تھے، انہیں مسلمانوں کی موجودہ پستی و زبوں حالی کا پوری طرح احساس بھی تھا اور وہ اس کے ازالے کے لیے نہایت فکر مند بھی رہتے تھے، آزاد ہندوستان میں جن مسائل نے مسلمانان ہند کی زندگی تلخ اور مکدر کر رکھی ہے، ان پر شور و غوغا مچانے لچھے دار باتیں اور دھواں دار تقریریں کرنے اور پُرجوش تحریریں لکھنے والے تو بہت سارے لوگ ہیں لیکن ان پر مولانا کی طرح تڑپنے، بے چین ہوجانے، درد و کرب خلش و اضطراب میں مبتلا ہونے والے بہت کم لوگ ہیں، وہ مسلمانوں کی فلاح و بہود کے لیے دعا و مناجات میں بھی مصروف رہتے تھے اور ملک کے گوشے گوشے کی خاک بھی چھانتے رہتے تھے، ان کے گریہ شب اور دعا ہائے سحر گاہی سے گھبرا کر ابلیس بھی یہ کہتا رہا ہوگا کہ ؂
خال خال اس قوم میں اب تک نظر آتے ہیں وہ

Twelve Tips for Enhancing Student Learning Experience in the Operating Room

Student learning within the Operating Room (OR) is complex and challenging, especially for medical students who heavily rely upon structured learning plans. Medical students’ OR-based surgical learning experience is heterogenous, unstandardized, and inadequate for many reasons. There is a growing need to evaluate the learning modalities and models that we currently use for medical graduates’ OR-based learning process, create a balance between structured and opportunistic learning encounters and incorporate previously identified factors that have been known to influence the quality of OR-based learning positively. In continuation with our previous work on OR-based learning, here we argue for a structured OR-based learning plan that embodies appropriate learning models and teaching methodologies and focuses on a comprehensive plan that justifies a local needs analysis and addresses factors influencing the quality of OR-based student learning to produce enhanced learning outcomes.

Evaluation of Organochlorine and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in the Blood / Serum Samples of Cancer Patients With Reference to the Assessment of Health Risk of Karachi People Due to Environmental Pollutants

The present study was conducted for the comparative evaluation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in the serum samples of diagnosed cancer patients and healthy humans of Karachi. Impact of these chemicals on the serum cell free DNA (cf-DNA), Cholesterol, Alkaline Phosphatase and Total Protein contents was also ascertained in the studied cohort. This was a preliminary work on the role of PCBs and OCPs in the etiology of cancer in Pakistan. A random collection of fasting blood samples from diagnosed cancer patients having various malignancies and healthy humans was carried out with informed consent of the donors at various hospitals and health care centers of Karachi. Serum was separated within 2 hours of collection and was used for subsequent analysis. Analysis of PCBs and OCPs was carried out on Gas Chromatograph coupled with Electron Capture Detector. Serum cf-DNA was analyzed on NanoDrop Spectrophotometer while serum Cholesterol, ALP and Total Protein contents were analyzed on Roche/Hitachi diagnostic analyzers. Levels of the seven tested PCBs (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180 and PCB 209) were significantly higher in the cancer group compared with the control group. PCBs were detected in 93.98 % of the cancer cases and 93.75 % of the normal subjects. Mean level of ΣPCBs was found significantly elevated in the cancer group (2.711 mg/kg) compared with the control group (0.536 mg/kg). PCB 52 was the most prevalent chemical with a mean level of 2.044 mg/kg in the cancer group and 0.134 mg/kg in the control group. It was observed that concentrations of PCBs increased linearly with the increasing age of the cancer patients. On the other hand, OCPs were detected in 97.59 % of the cancer cases and 93.75 % of the normal subjects. Mean concentration of total OCPs was found elevated in the cancer group (0.611 mg/kg) compared with the control group (0.321mg/kg). Endosulfan was the highest prevalent OCP with mean concentration of 0.214 mg/kg in the cancer group and 0.170 mg/kg in the control group. DDT metabolite - 4,4-DDE was found significantly elevated in the cancer group with a mean level of 0.131 mg/kg compared to the control group (0.020 mg/kg). Highest mean concentration of ΣPCBs was found in cases of the female genital system while highest mean of ΣOCPs was detected in the breast cancer cases. Significantly elevated level of cf-DNA was detected in the cancer group with a mean value of 5584.2 ng/μl compared with control group (1758.8 ng/μl). Detection of cf-DNA was 56.45 % in the cancer group and 36.84 % in the control group. Mean cholesterol level was found significantly diminished in the cancer group (116±22 mg/dl) compared with the control group (158.7±33 mg/dl). ALP activity was found elevated in the cancer cases with a mean level of 125±48 U/L compared with the normal counterparts (109±28 U/L). Mean total protein contents were found reduced in the cancer cases (6.2±0.58 g/dl) compared to normal subjects (7.2±1 g/dl). Cases having higher residues of PCBs and to some extent of OCPs has shown elevated concentrations of cf-DNA, comparatively higher levels of cholesterol and ALP and reduced total protein contents. In light of the obtained results, it has concluded that PCBs and OCPs are positively associated with the etiology of cancer. Moreover, PCBs and OCPs adversely affect other biological parameters of the body which may ultimately result into various cancers in humans.