The presentc researchc projectc was conductedc in the Cerealc Cropc Researchc Institutec (CCRIc) Pircsabak, Nowshehrac (K.P) Pakistanc duringc summerc 2014. Six maizec (Zea mays L.) genotypesc werec used in the researchc experimentc viz; PSEV-3, Azamc, Sarhadcwhite, Jalal, Iqbalc and Paharic. The maizec genotypesc were crossedc in a completec 6x6 diallelc fashionc and theirc Fc1 generationc was studiedc. Meanc squaresc due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the traits in F1 and F2 generations with the exception of GCA values for Leaf Area (cm) and Moisturec % in F1 and F2. The combiningcability analysescalso revealedc that majorityc of the traitscwere controlledc by partialc dominancec with additivec genec action. In F1generationc, the highest SCAc effects were manifestedc by crossesc involving PSEV-3 i.e PSEV-3x Iqbal, PSEV-3xAzam, PSEV-3 x Sarhadc White PSEV-3 x Pahari Azam x Pahari and Azamc xIqbal. Cultivar PSEVc3 of the abovec genotypesc provedc to be the best generalc combinerc as mentionedc earlier havingc highestc GCA valuesc producedc best specificc crosses. In case of F2 generationc maximumc SCA were exhibitedc by Sarhad WhitecxIqbal and JalalcxIqbal were the best crossc combinationsc. The cultivar Sarhadc White having negativec GCAc affectsc for ninec charactersc, therefore it was concludedc that comparativelyc low x highc parentsc performedc well in SCAc determinationc. Heterosisc of varyingc magnitudec was foundc in F1 and F2c generationsc. Mid parentc heterosisc was morec pronouncedc than batterc parentc heterosisc. Yieldc and its componentsc showedc maximumc heterosisc while otherc traits showedc lowc to moderatec heterosisc. Onc the basisc of heritabilityc, GCA, SCcA and heterosisc the genotypesc PSEV-c3 x Sarhadc Whitec, Sarhadc Whitec x PSEV-c3, PSEV-c3 x Paharic, PaharixPSEV-3, Sarhad White x Iqbalc andc Iqbalc x Sarhadc White were foundc promisingc. These competitivec genotypesc had a greatc potentialc to becomec vigorc withc highc yield and bestc suitedc for generalc cultivationc. In biochemicalc studies, parentalc cross of maizec genotypesc in whichc prolinec contentsc mostlyc increased in Iqbalc which rangedc uptco 0.37 (μmol/g) andc decreasedc in Azam with 0.08 (μmol/gc). The highestc levelc of prolinec contentsc showsc in Azamc x Sarhad x White which ranged 0.28 (μmol/g) and the lowest ranged was exhibited 0.06 (μmol/g) in PSEV-3 Iqbal in reciprocal crosses. Directccross of maize genotypes presented highest level of prolinecconcentration which was 0.35 (μmol/g) in Iqbal x Sarhad White and the lowestcconcentration was 0.08 (μmol/g) in Jalal x Azam. In molecularcstudy the SSR markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity, polymorphiccinformation content and number of alleles. In the present study maize genotypes exhibited various levels of genetic polymorphism by SSR markers. In present research project eight genotypes shown high genetic diversity as compared to other genotypes. Which are Pahari × Sarhad White, Pahari × Azamc, Sarhad White × Jalal, Jalal × Sarhad White, Sarhad White × Azam, Sarhad × Iqbal, Jalal × PSEV-3 and Iqbal × Sarhad White. Geneticcdiversity in maizecgenotypes gives the opportunity of best results for future breeding programs.
Since the advent of Islam, Muslims have never ceased to be important for the West and have been variously depicted in English literature from time to time. However, after the tragic incidents of 11th September, 2001, there has been a dramatic change in the world's focus on them, both in nature and in magnitude. Both as Ummah—the formal Arabic word for the global community of Muslims —and as individuals, they have suddenly found themselves among the protagonists of English literature in general, and that produced in the North American Continent in particular. This paper aims at discussing the different images of Muslims and Islam in the English literature of North America, focusing on their nature, types, causes, consequences and the way they differ from the depiction of Muslims and Islam before the drastic disaster of nine-eleven. It also intends to contrast the literature authored by Muslim Americans about themselves with that written by non-Muslim Americans about them during the period in focus.
This work is devoted to the study of squeezing flow coupled with heat transfer effects between parallel disks for some Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids. The effect of magnetic field has been considered to describe the behavior of flow and heat transfer for few models. The radiation effects has also been included. In some problems, the effects of viscous dissipation in the energy equation have also been incorporated. Velocity and temperature slip effects on flows has also been taken into account. Micropolar fluid flow induced by a squeezing motion of disks in the presence of the magnetic field applied in the direction perpendicular to the plane of disks, has also been a part of this dissertation. The governing partial differential equations that governs the flow configurations are converted into a system of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations through the support of suitable similarity transforms. To obtain the expressions for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, these have been solved by available techniques in the literature using Variational iteration method (VIM) and HAM package BVPh2.0. The effects of different emerging parameters involved have also been highlighted with the help of graphs for velocity, temperature and concentration.