Two hundred and twenty bread wheat genotypes with diverse origin were preliminary evaluated under normal temperature and heat stress conditions under field condition. Four heat stress tolerant and three thermolabile wheat strains were selected on the basis of stress tolerance index and relative grain yield performance ratio. These seven genotypes were crossed in diallel fashion including reciprocals. F 1 progenies were evaluated in field and laboratory by laying out two set of experiments, according to RCBD with three replications, one each under normal and heat stress condition. All the agronomic practices were carried out as and when required. Various physio- morphological traits were studied On grand mean basis a considerable reduction in almost all attributes was observed in heat stress as compared to normal temperature regime except for canopy temperature depression and cell membrane thermostability, which showed 17.05 and 6.24 % increase under heat stress condition respectively. Additive gene action with partial dominance was revealed for days to heading, days to anthesis, spike index at anthesis, plant height, spikes per plant, spike length, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, dry biomass per plant at maturity, grain set index, kernels per unit spike dry weight, CTD and CMT while overdominance type of gene action was observed for the attributes viz., spikelets per spike, days to maturity, dry biomass per plant at anthesis and harvest index. Out of seven parents, the best performance under both temperature regimes was showed by genotype BKR-02, which had the maximum value of grain yield per plant and most of its components. This parental genotype exhibited high spike index at anthesis, dry biomass per plant at anthesis, grain set index, number of grains per unit dry spike weight justifying high grain yield in heat stress. Considerable crosses under normal temperature regime were BKR-02 x SH-02, Ch-86 x SH-02, SH-02 x BKR -02 and SH-02 x Ch-86. However, in heat stress regime hybrids with best performance include BKR-02 x V00183, BKR-02 x SH-02, V00183 x Ch-86, SH-02 x BKR-02 and SH-02 x Ch-86. Similarly F1 hybrids as mentioned above registered good performance for various physio-morphological traits confirming the validity of techniques involved for determination of high yielding thermotolerant wheat genotypes for hot irrigated dry climate. Overall situation displayed the significant role of both additive and non-additive genetic variability suggesting the involvement of integrated heat stress breeding strategies which can potentially exploit the additive and non-additive genetic variability in stress free and heat stress conditions.
مولانا محمد سلیم سخت افسوس ہے کہ مدرسہ صولتیہ مکہ مکرمہ کے ناظم اعلیٰ اورمہتمم مولانا محمد سلیم صاحب ایک ماہ کی معمولی علالت کے بعد۱۸/جولائی کوبروزشنبہ نمازفجر کے وقت نصف گھنٹہ پہلے رہ گزائے عالم جاودانی ہوگئے۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ مولانا کاآبائی وطن کیرانہ ضلع مظفر نگر تھا۔ آپ کے والد ماجد محمد سعید صاحب المتوفی ۱۳۵۷ھ مولانا رحمت اﷲ صاحب کیرانوی المتوفی ۱۳۰۸ھ صاحب ’’اظہار الحق‘‘کے بھتیجے محمد صدیق صاحب کے فرزند ارجمند تھے۔ مولانا رحمت اﷲ صاحب جب ۱۸۵۷ء کی جنگ آزادی میں شرکت کے بعد مکہ مکرمہ ہجرت کرگئے توآپ نے مولانا محمد سعید کوجن کی عمر صرف بارہ برس کی تھی، اپنے پاس مکہ مکرمہ بلالیا اوران کی تعلیم وتربیت کاخاص اہتمام کیا اوروہ بھی مستقلاً یہیں رہ پڑے، چنانچہ مولانا محمدسلیم صاحب کی پیدائش بھی مکہ مکرمہ میں ہوئی۔ حضرت مولانا رحمت اﷲ نے کلکتہ کی ایک مخیرخاتون صولت النساء بیگم کی امداد واعانت سے مکہ کے محلہ خندریسہ میں زمین کا ایک پلاٹ خریدکرایک عمارت بنوائی اور ۱۲۹۰ھ میں انہی خاتون کے نام پر مدرسہ صولتیہ کے نام سے اس عمارت میں ایک مدرسہ جاری کیا تھا۔مولانا محمد سلیم صاحب نے اسی مدرسہ میں تعلیم پائی۔ فراغت کے بعد پندرہ بیس سال اسی مدرسہ میں درس دیا، ۱۳۴۶ھ میں اس کے نائب ناظم اور ۱۳۵۷ھ میں ناظم مقررہوئے جس پر وہ اخیرتک رہے۔ مولانا نے نصف صدی سے زیادہ کایہ مدرسہ کے اہتمام وانتظام کازمانہ جس عالی ہمتی،صبر واستقلال فہم وتدبر اورلیاقت وقابلیت سے گزاراہے، وہ اُن کی زندگی کاسب سے بڑا اور دوسروں کے لیے ایک بڑاسبق آموزکارنامہ ہے۔ چنانچہ اسی اثنا میں جب ملک کے سیاسی حالات بدلے تو آپ کوچند در چند دشواریوں اور مختلف قسم کی آزمائشوں سے سابقہ پیش آیا، لیکن آپ نے بڑی پامردی اور ہمت واستقلال سے ان کا مقابلہ کیا۔ انہی...
The Arabic language faces many hurdles in its expansion and progress in the non-Arab world internationally. This time our focus is the multi-lingual community Nigeria. Nigeria is a country of languages, where there are hordes of mother tongues (dialects) , an official language and then there is a religious language as well. It is very tough to focus on the Arabic language in this myriad of languages though; it enjoys a historic status and prestige there. A few reasons for this lack of focus on Arabic language Nigeria are as follow: 1. The British colonialism and its treacherous role to downplay the Arabic language. 2. To segregate Arabic from Muslim Ummah in Nigeria, the colonialists thus promoted English and French as official administrative languages. 3. Dearth of text books in Arabic at primary and secondary level. Moreover there are no well equipped language laboratories to develop Arabic in Nigeria. 4. The stranded economic state of the country. 5. The scarcity of Arabic press houses in Nigeria and lack of interest in the Arabic language by the general public. A few suggestions to promulgate and develop the Arabic language in Nigeria are as follow: a. Students’ attention needs to be drawn towards the Arabic language as a modern and rich language. For this all the available resources need to be exhausted. b. The Arabic language centres should be developed where proficient teachers should teach Arabic. The present faculty for Arabic should do refresher courses in Arabic to enhance their capabilities. c. The availability of Arabic text books to cater the various levels of the students is made possible. A committee should monitor the overall process and progress of Arabic language in Nigeria. d. The Nigerian government should play an active role in the development and progress of the Arabic language in Nigeria
The basic purpose of this research is to investigate herding behavior, the role of culture, the effect of macroeconomic shocks on herding behavior, and the existence of contagion of herding due to the crisis and extreme shocks in the market. This study investigates the herding behavior towards market consensus in a set of Developed, Emerging and Frontier Markets of Asia, Asia Pacific and Europe. For the identification of herding behavior towards market consensus this study employs return dispersion models and the state space model. The time variation in herding behavior is identified by estimating return dispersion model through Kalman filter estimation. One of the main objective of this research is to determine the role of culture in driving herding behavior. This study employs Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions of culture and introduces them as an explanatory variable in the return dispersion model. This study utilizes ARIMA residuals of macroeconomic variables and introduce them in state space model to figure out the effect of unexpected shocks of this variable on investor herding behavior. This study focuses on behavioral link namely contagion of herding (pure contagion) in a given set of market and determines the cross country linkages of each market with a global leader (US) through extreme shocks in macroeconomic components or crisis. For the said purpose conditional correlation between herding measures is generated through diagonal VECH bivariate GARCH (1,1) model. The major findings of the study report significant effect of herding behavior in the majority of the markets. state space model measure provide better results for all measure. Culture play a significant role in the determination of herding behavior. The presence of cultural dimensions changes the magnitude of the herding behavior in sample countries. The herding behavior of investor is affected by some macroeconomic shocks hitting the specific market. But macroeconomic shocks do not seem to play a major role in defining herding behavior in most of the markets. Majority of the markets exhibit a strong correlation with US market which is seen as turning points of herding measure during a global financial crisis of 2007-2009. This correlation also increased due to some specific macroeconomic shocks. This study provides a complete analytical framework in developed emerging and frontier markets of Asia, Asia Pacific and Europe, where economic, cultural, behavioral and external factors are simultaneously integrated to provide a better explanation of herding behavior. Therefore, in its unique design, this research is an attempt towards bridging a gap between, cultural finance, behavioral finance, and standard finance.