Pandemic Impact on the Travels and Tourism Sector of Nepal

The travel and tours enterprise were badly affected due to pandemics. In the aftermath of high restrictions on human movement, travel-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted due to lockdown. Due to pandemic, highly impacted into earning-saving, lack of supportive working conditions, lower self-capacity, and lack of recovery budget and policies, the travel and tours-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted. The study reflected the impact of pandemics on travel and tours, major constraints, and a possible way forward to sustaining. The research explores what are the major existing practices of sustaining travel and tours entrepreneurs during pandemics, what factors can contribute to building bounce-back capacities of travel and tours entrepreneurs’ sustainability. Above forty-four, snowball-based sampling was done from major travel and tours entrepreneurs, Pokhara-Nepal. A structure-based open-ended questionnaire, key informant interviews, and in-person-based discussion were applied in the method of study. Used the content analysis along with a recap of the research question, undertake bracketing to identify biases, operationalize variables with develop a coding, and code the data with undertaking analysis while qualitative analysis, and multiple regression facilitated on quantitative analysis to finalize the discussion. The study reflects that self-saving, social support, state and financial institutions recovery support, social behavior and change communication, full vaccination practices, and self-accountable tourist behavior are highly expectable conditions to the sustainability of travel and torus entrepreneurship in the learning area. The study concludes that self-saving capacity can contribute to bounce-back capacity for every entrepreneur. Social support and socioeconomic recovery packages were also contributing to sustaining travel and tours in the study area. Self-saving condition and capacity is higher bounce back capacity compared to non-saved entrepreneurs in the study area. Social support, socioeconomic recovery practices, and recovery packages from state and financial institutions were not at the higher level as expected.

Role of Minorities in the Political System of Pakistan A Case Study of the Christians of Lahore Division

The minorities play a very important role in the development of a country. The minorities in Pakistan have also been playing a very significant role in the development of the sacred homeland, especially the Christian Community, of Lahore Division, being the largest minority has been working side by side with the Muslim and contributing its share in the progress of the country. This research aimed to explore and hi-light services of the Christians of Lahore Division in different fields of life. Qualitative research has been carried out and interviews of the Christians, serving in different departments, have been conducted to explore the role of the Christians in the political system of Pakistan. The results show that they participated very actively in the Pakistan Movement and at the time of partition of the sub-continent they supported the stance of the Muslims unconditionally. After independence, when Muslim refugees were coming to Pakistan, the Christian Community came forward for their help. Since independence, they have been seen working serving the nation in different fields especially in education, health and care, judiciary, defense etc. At present, they are running some worldfamous educational institutions in Lahore. The Christian doctors and nurses are serving the ailing humanity in almost all the hospitals of the Lahore Division. Their role in the defense of the country is also praise-worthy. Some of them have even sacrificed their lives for the sacred homeland. They have given their blood to secure the future of the nation. In the development of the country their contribution is no less than the Muslims’ role but unfortunately, they seem less interested in political process of the country. They have apprehensions about electoral system. The representatives of the Christian Community, in the Assemblies, are selected but not elected. It is a big hindrance in their way to political participation. Moreover, illiteracy, poverty, and social discrimination, etc. are among some of the major hurdles in their way to political participation.