صفات الخطباء و مراعاة السامعين لتامين السلام في الجمتمعات الاسلامية

The religious sermon and the speaker play a keyrole in the Islamic societies in shaping and orienting the opinions, beliefs, approach and behavior of the masses. Addressing people is a great responsibility, for which the speakers will be held accountable to Allāh Almighty. Therefore, a speaker of Islām must be equipped with sound knowledge of Islām and well acquainted with the present time, too. Moreover, he must possesstherequired temperament of tolerance, compassion and consideration, while speaking to his audience. The example of the Holy Prophet Muḥammad(r) provides a complete model of conduct for today’s speakers. We notice that audiences are moved with the eloquence of the speakers. A careless speaker may drive his audience into the abyss of disappointment, alienation from Islām, terrorism andextremism, etc. ; On the other hand, he can alleviate their ignorance, reshape them to become the desired peaceful Muslims through his power of speech and influence of his character. In this paper, the author, tried to make the Islamic speakers realize their duties in respect of their audience in the light of the Sunnah of the Prophet(r).

Impact of Peer Tutoring on Development of Reading Skills of Children in Primary Schools of Karachi

Education is an effort to bring the variation of human nature through the various method of knowledge to meet educational goals and challenges. Peer tutoring is a definite system of peer knowledge. It includes a learner tutoring alternative where pairs are characteristically of different educational standing and occasionally different ages like cross-age tutoring as well as same age tutoring. Peer tutoring is the most reliable education practiced method in all over the world, now which is employed in Pakistan too. The definitive description of peer tutoring is "a method of education in which pupils assistance each other and study. Peer tutoring plays significant role in education and has possibly happened in approximately manifestation since the start of development. The purpose of this research is to employ the well-known processes of common peer tutoring and class wide peer tutoring to accelerate a current peer tutoring process that can be applied with a less involvement of teacher association. This research studies the impact of concerning peer tutoring at school and family tutoring at home on child reading accomplishment and shows the involvement of parents in their children’s education and showing their progress and knowledge with the schools as well as tutors at home. The present study is, therefore determined to explore the effectiveness of peer tutoring in comparison to conventional method of teaching in Pakistan. The population of the present study was primary schools of district west Karachi Orangi town. For this sake 164 primary students were selected by convince sampling technique in Orangi town Karachi schools. There were I to V classes student were involve this study, in 60 students parents also involve in this study and they trained by teachers during seminars and parents teachers meeting on the whole session 2014-15. A self-prepared achievement test made by researcher which has covered five main objectives to enhance the reading skill in these students. A test was conducted by experimental and control groups and results were organized and categorized into tabularization form and compute Mean, Standard Deviation, and Coefficient of variation also data analyzed by t-test and Analysis of variance ANOVA. The study result concludes that the cross-age tutoring pairing students in grade one to three were more beneficial than same-age tutoring. But in class four the research hypothesis was rejected and the result concludes that the same-age tutoring pairing students in grade four was more beneficial than c ross-age tutoring. The study result also suggests that parents involvement in the peer tutoring programmed, perform as an active understanding tutor of their students by learning a modest set of guidelines. Though all the students contributing in the programme developed their reading command, nevertheless their character (tutor o tutee) or having support of their family or not, the consequences recommend that contribution of family is the adaptable which describes in the greatest way, the development in reading command, thus, it is the main manipulating element. According to present research the result bring about some suggestion that the percentage of family participation attained by learners who scored above the average was higher than their peers who revealed more necessities of provision in the reading understanding part, therefore approving the effort stated by the teachers concerning the participation of the students families with more education complications and necessities. The results proved that the learners realized the accuracy and reliability of common peer tutoring.