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Genetics of Drought Tolerance in Maize Zea Mays L.

Thesis Info

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Author

Hussain, Imtiaz

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Natural Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/448

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726322183

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Fifty maize inbred lines were screened at seedling stage under drought and normal conditions for various seedlings parameters under controlled conditions in growth chamber, three drought tolerant and three susceptible inbred lines were selected. These six genotypes were crossed in full diallel fashion. F 1 seed was planted in the field using randomized complete block design in three replications under drought and irrigated conditions. All the cultural and other practices were kept uniform to both plantings except irrigation. Various agronomic and physiological parameters were recorded. There was 20 to 40% reduction in almost all parameters was observed. Co-efficient of variability was more under water stress than normal for most of the seedling traits. In field experiment, additive gene action with partial dominance was revealed for plant height, leaf area, leaf number, biological yield, harvest index, stomatal frequency and stomata size under both conditions. Over- dominance type of gene action was found for kernels per ear row, 100-grain weight, leaf temperature and cell membrane thermostability. Additive gene action for relative water content under normal condition was changed to over-dominance under water stress condition. The best combinations on the basis of mean performance under normal condition were Y-74×F-141, Y-74×F-128, Y-74×Y158 F-128×Y-158. Under water stress condition best performing crosses were, Y- 74×F-141, Y-158×Y-74, F-128×Y-74 and F-141×B-34. These crosses might be useful as transgressive segregants in subsequent generations. Inbred lines Y-74 and F-141 were found best parents. These inbred lines may be exploited in future breeding programme for drought conditions. On the basis of different inheritance pattern of each parameter, it was suggested that overall performance of the inbred lines and their all possible combinations might be more useful while selecting for water stress condition.
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سیاسی خدمات

۱۹۳۹ء میں مولانا مودودیؒ نے پہلی مرتبہ براہ راست سیاست میں حصہ لینا شروع کیا ،اورلاہور منتقل ہوگئے جہاں وہ اسلامیہ کالج میں اسلامی علوم پر لیکچر بھی دینے لگے۔لاہورمیں انھیں اپنی سرگرمیوں کے لئے وسیع میدان مل گیا ۔انھوں نے مسلمانوں کے سیاسی مستقبل کے موضوع پر تقاریر اورمضامین کاسلسلہ شروع کردیا ۔لاہورمیں قیام کے دوران ہی آپ نے سیاست کے ساتھ ساتھ مذہبی سرگرمیوں کوبھی تیز کردیا۔[[1]]



[[1]]         عبدالعزیزبلوچ، مفسرین عظام اوران کی تفسیری خصوصیات ،ص۱۹۸

ہماری دینی ترجیحات، ایک لمحہ فکریہ

If the determining of religious priorities is correct then religion also remains in its original state and the effects of religion also appear clear and conspicuous and if the priorities go wrong, then humanity goes far beyond the actual religion. And the attitudes of the religious oriented people also become a source of doubts regarding religion. And the low regard of religious personality also leads to the disgrace of the religion. Before we take a deep look at our religious priorities, it is important to understand that what is the importance of priorities in life and what is meant by religious priorities.

A Comparative Study of Quality of Education in Public and Private Secondary Schools of Punjab

The quality education is an indispensable and inevitable agent for change as education is a process of civilization and development. The issue of deterioration of quality in education in Pakistan, especially decline in quality of secondary education was the slogan of the day. The major purpose of the research was to compare the quality of education in public and private schools of Punjab. All the secondary schools, their heads, secondary school teachers and students of 10th class of public and private sector of the Punjab constituted population of the study. Punjab is generally distributed in three different stratus, which are North Punjab, Central Punjab, and South Punjab.Due to limited time and resources, the study was delimited to the nine districts of Punjab namely Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Attock, Lahore, Gujranwala, Dera Ghazi Khan, Bahawalpur, Mianwali and Sargodha. Two hundred and sixteen secondary schools (twenty-four secondary schools from each sample district) were randomly selected. The proportion of public sector schools and private sector schools, boys and girls schools was equal. All the heads of selected 24 secondary schools of public and private sector from each district (the proportion of public sector schools and private sector schools, boys and girls schools was equal i.e. fifty fifty) were included in sample. One thousand and eighty teachers (one hundred and twenty from each sample district) constituted the sample of the study. The proportion of the public and private, male and female teachers was fifty fifty. Four thousand, three hundred and twenty students studying in 10th class in public and private high schools of already sampled district of Punjab were randomly selected as the sample of the study. The proportion of public and private and male and female students was fifty fifty. Three questionnaires, one each for heads, secondary school teachers and students, prepared and validated through pilot-testing, were used as the research instruments of the study. The researcher visited the target areas personally, distributed the questionnaires himself, and got filled questionnaires back from respondents. The data obtained was tabulated and analyzed by using simple percentage and two way chi square tests. Main conclusions of the study were: that private sector schools had actually less number of students and teachers at secondary level as compared to public sector schools. The results of 10th class students in boards’ examinations of private schools were better than government schools. While with respect to ownership of building, almost 98% public sector schools had their own buildings and majority of private schools was running in rented buildings. In public sector schools student-teacher ratio was higher than private schools. Heads of private sector secondary schools were better than heads of public sector secondary schools regarding involvement of subordinate staff in decision making, keeping themselves as a part of team while leading them and carrying out the well- organized tasks. But the heads of public sector secondary schools were more qualified academically as well as professionally, having more administrative experience as compared to private sector secondary schools’ heads. Teachers of public secondary schools were more qualified academically as well as professionally having command over teaching methodology as compared to the teachers of private secondary schools. In public schools, in service training was provided to teachers and their selection was done on merit. They had also job security and their pay structure was well. In contrast, private sector was lacking these factors. Behaviour of teachers of private schools was motivating and they encouraged questioning and enhanced creativity among students, whereas public schools were lacking these factors. Availability of A.V. aids was excessive in public secondary schools as compared to private secondary schools but their use was more in private public secondary schools. Position of physical facilities was better in public secondary schools than in private secondary schools with respect to buildings, libraries, play grounds, furniture. While position of private sector secondary schools was better in availability of computer labs and gas. Respondents of both the systems were of the view that curriculum of both type of systems was not up-to-date, fulfilling emerging needs of neither society nor it was being revised regularly. The major recommendations are: more schools be established in public sector. School mapping be kept in mind before establishing new schools. The heads and teachers of school should take such necessary actions which may help to raise academic standard of their school. The heads of public schools should take seriously the problem of their low pass percentage. Teachers of public schools may be held accountable on showing poor result in examination. They must be given incentives for showing good results. Teachers of both systems be given opportunities to get training in order to improve their teaching skills. Libraries of public and private schools be kept well-maintained and all necessary treasure of books be present in them and students and teachers should be allowed to get benefit from library. Teachers should make more use of A.V. aids to make teaching process more effective.