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Home > Genotoxicity of Cadmium and Alleviation of Cd Toxicity by Certain Hormones and Chemicals on Mungbean Vigna Radiata Genotypes

Genotoxicity of Cadmium and Alleviation of Cd Toxicity by Certain Hormones and Chemicals on Mungbean Vigna Radiata Genotypes

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Hassan, Meher

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Genetics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11546/1/Meher%20Hassan%20Genetics%202019%20uok%20karachi%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726332700

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Continuous exposure of cadmium (Cd) not only causing deleterious effects on plants but also it is the major issue concerning human health through its entry to food chain. Cd is naturally present in soil or anthropogenically released in the environment. It can easily be translocated to vegetative or edible parts of plants. To limit its exposure to human it is important to select tolerant genotypes that must retain most of Cd in roots and also reduces the physiological and biochemical disturbances in plants. Mungbean is second most edible leguminous crop in Pakistan, rich in proteins and other nutrients. It has the ability to fix soil nitrogen, hence increase soil fertility so widely used as rotational crop. Less research has been done regarding metal toxicity for local mungbean genotypes. In this research, mitigation strategies like application of phytohormones and proline were applied to reduce Cd toxicity in mungbean thus will be helpful in increasing its yield and will help in the screening of tolerant and sensitive genotypes of Pakistan. In the first experiment, eight local mungbean genotypes were grown in hydroponics culture, then were exposed to 0.1 µM Cd for two weeks, and saved for morpho physiological analysis. Growth parameters were decreased during Cd stress. Higher tolerance index for plant dry weight was observed in AZRI-2006 and lowest in NM-51. Xylem sap was collected to analyze Cd accumulation and translocation from roots to shoots. More Cd translocation from roots to shoots via xylem will negatively affect plants and make them sensitive. We observed more Cd translocation factor (4.26%) in NM-51 with worst plant vigor and lower TF (1.47%) in AZRI-2006 with best plant vigor. However NM 19-19 translocated more Cd (4.54%) which was even higher than NM-51 but with good vigor, hence can be used in phytoremediation at Cd contaminated fields as it will absorb more Cd from soil however it is not advised to consume any of NM 19-19 part as food. Second experiment was performed in Petri dishes for the evaluation of eight mungbean genotypes under Cd stress (0.3 mM and 0.5 mM) and its alleviation by pretreatment with phytohormones (100 µM GA3 and 50 µM SA) and proline (5 mM) prior to Cd. Inhibition xxiii in growth, chlorophyll content and total protein in a dose dependent manner, along with increase in antioxidant enzymes (APX, CAT, GPX and SOD) activities were observed in Cd stress. Hydrolytic enzymes (α-amylase and alkaline invertase) activities were decreased under Cd stress with increased activity of acid phosphatase. On the other hand free proline, tannin, H2O2 and MDA content of untreated samples were lower in comparison to Cd treated samples. However, pretreatment with phytohormones and proline prior to Cd stress was found to improve all morphological parameters, alteration in antioxidant and hydrolytic enzymes activities along with decrease in tannin, H2O2 and MDA content. Furthermore, cytogenetic analysis exhibited decrease in mitotic index (MI %) of root cells under Cd stress with various chromosomal aberrations like C-mitosis, laggard, stickiness and fragmentation. Pretreatments before applying Cd were able to decrease the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations. On the basis of above analyzed parameters, it can be concluded that AZRI-2006 was tolerant and NM-51 was sensitive genotype for Cd stress. Tolerant genotype can give better yield with no or less Cd accumulation in plant parts when grown in Cd contaminated area, hence advised to grow AZRI-2006 in such soils. NM 19-19 is such a genotype that absorb Cd in plants with good vigor, therefore it can be grown in Cd contaminated areas to reduce Cd amount in soil and this land can later be used for the cultivation of other crops. Furthermore, priming with phytohormones and proline can be environmental friendly, economical and simple mitigation strategy for Cd stress.
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ایم ۔ حبیب خان

ایم۔ حبیب خاں
یہ سطریں زیر تحریر تھیں کہ معلوم ہوا کہ جناب ایم حبیب خاں بھی رحلت فرماگئے وہ انجمن ترقی اردو ہند کے اسسٹنٹ سیکریٹری اور جناب خلیق انجم جنرل سیکریٹری کے دست راست تھے، نیک طبع اور شریف انسان تھے، جب بھی ملاقات ہوتی تو اپنے خلوص و محبت کا نقش دل پر بٹھا دیتے، دارالمصنفین سے بھی لگاؤ رکھتے، گزشتہ برس لکھنؤ میں ملاقات ہوئی تو دیر تک اس کے مسائل پر تبادلہ خیال کرتے رہے، مدت دراز سے انجمن سے وابستہ تھے، ادب و تنقید ان کا خاص موضوع تھا، اس پر ان کی کئی کتابیں چھپ چکی ہیں، ۶۴؍ ۶۵ برس عمر رہی ہوگی اور صحت اچھی تھی مگر دو ماہ قبل جگر کے کینسر کا عارضہ ہوا اور چل بسے اﷲ تعالیٰ اپنی رحمت کاملہ سے نوازے۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مارچ ۱۹۹۸ء)

 

Epiphyseal Fusion of Iliac Crests in Male and Female Adolescents: An Age Estimation Criterion

Background: Determination of age depends upon physical examination, dental assessment, and skeletal evaluation. The radiological examination of bone for appearance and fusion of ossification centers helps in the assessment of skeletal maturity as the process occurs in a particular sequence which is almost constant for that particular bone. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the age of fusion of iliac crest by radiological examination of subjects of age bracket 17-25 years coming to Shalamar Hospital Lahore Methods: In this cross-sectional study, radiological examinations (Digital X-Rays) were performed to evaluate the fusion of Iliac Crest in 200 subjects of both genders of 17 – 25 years. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 23. Conclusions were drawn and compared with available results of previous work done in this field. Results: Out of 200 subjects, there were 132 males (66 %) and 68 females (34%). The mean ± SD age of both genders was 20.41± 2.55. There were 93 cases (70.45%) of complete fusion among males, showing 100 % union in the age groups of 21-25 years, while 40 cases (58.83%) of complete union among females were observed during 20-25 year of age groups. The mean ± SD age of complete union for males was 20.67± 2.61 years and for females 19.90 ± 2.38 years, with a significant p value of <0.05. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was observed among people of different socio-economic statuses. No difference was observed among different ethnic groups. Conclusions: The fusion of the iliac crest is not affected by ethnicity. Factors like diet and nutrition directly affect bone growth and hence bone age. More studies should be conducted across the country to formulate a standard in setting up a uniform criterion for assessing the age of adolescents

A Novel Feature Selection Technique Using Rough Set Theory

This is era of information. It is common to find the datasets with hundreds and thousands of features used by real world applications. Feature selection is a process to select subsets or features which are more informative. Feature selection technique is used to remove irrelevant and redundant features without losing much of the information. Recently Rough Set Theory (RST) becomes a dominant tool for FS. It is a theory which provides both data structures and methods to perform data analysis. Rough set theory has offered new ideas and trends for the features selection and deal with inconsistent information. Reduction of attribute is an important issue in rough set theory. Many feature selection techniques have been presented in literature using RST. However, majority of these techniques do not ensure optimal feature subsets and suffer serious performance bottlenecks especially in case of large datasets. In this thesis, we modified genetic algorithm to find subset of features within minimum execution time. In its conventional form, genetic algorithm is heuristic based approach; however, using genetic algorithm does not ensure the optimal feature sub selection. In this thesis, we have modified the algorithm such that the resulted feature subsets are not only the optimal but the resulting performance is also improved. The proposed approach was examined with other state of the art FS approaches various publically available datasets at UCI. Results show that efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach are better.