No matter the large contribution of chemistry to the development in our large of dwelling, the negative and threatening photo of chemistry has been unfolded in human society due to adverse damage, consisting of large explosions in chemical factories in some instances. therefore, chemistry must development with the introduction of a at ease global in harmony with nature. high performance based on environmentally benign principles (green chemistry) is strongly required of synthetic natural chemistry in twenty first century. That’s why Emphasis here is placed on green synthesis of substituted benzamides and their solvent free conversion into substituted benzamidines interacting with transition-metals including their biological activities. Our primary objective is to create a greener reaction methodology that affords access to convert amide bond into N-substituted benzamidines and their metal complexes. For this first amide bond, has been synthesized through novel Dicobalt octacarbonyl catalyzed amidation of phenyl iodide, followed by anti-oxidant, anti- alzheimer, anti- urease and anti- fatigue activity. The capacity of these reactions through screening of different substrate and investigations into the mechanisms by way of which the reactions are working are also mentioned. The novel synthetic model of the amidine bond has been polished using CuO-np catalyzed conversion of substituted benzamide into N-substituted benzamidines. This methodology uses a non-expensive CuO Nano particles and aniline/ammonia along with substituted benzamide as the key ligand in this strategy. Moreover, efforts to find best reaction conditions to access N-substituted benzamidines ligands were accomplished. A brief study on behavior of N-substituted benzamidines against cancer cell lines (in vivo) and DNA binding studies by UV-visible spectrophotometer and Viscosity measurements has also been carried out. A detail work on transition metal (Cu, Pt, Pd) complexation of amidine ligands covering their activities against cancer cell lines (in vitro), DNA binding studies by UV visible spectroscopy and viscosity measurement covers the major area of thesis. The discussion about behavior of world fatal disease HIV-1 (candidiasis & reverse transcriptase) are also the part of thesis.
عہد اورنگ زیب کے محمد خان وامق سیالکوٹ کے پہلے اردو شاعر ہیں۔ وہ اپنے وقت کے اہم شاعر تھے۔ وامق وڈہرہ قوم کے کھتری تھے اور ان کو مسلمان کرنے کا فخر اس وقت کے جید عالم مولانا عبد اﷲچلپئی کو تھا جنہوں نے ان کا نام محمد خان رکھا۔ اشفاق نیاز تاریخِ سیالکوٹ میں آپ کے بارے رقمطراز ہیں: آپ نہ صرف اعلی درجے کے شاعر تھے بلکہ ایک انشا پرداز بھی تھے اور یہی شہرت اور قابلیت انہیں دربارِ عالمگیر تک لے گئی۔ بادشاہ ان کا بہت قائل تھا بعد میں بادشاہ نے ان کے فن و ادب کی قدر کرتے ہوئے انہیں اخلاص خاں کے اعلیٰ خطاب سے سرفراز بھی فرمایا۔ آپ صاحبِ دیوان بھی تھے۔ اردو اور فارسی میں شاعری کرتے تھے مگر افسوس کہ باوجود سعی بسیار کے کلام مفقود ہے۔ (۱) راقم الحروف بھی کوشش کے باوجود ان کا اردو کلام دریافت نہیں کر سکا۔تاریخِ سیالکوٹ کے مطابق آپ نے محمد شاہ کے عہد ۱۷۶۶ء میں سیالکوٹ میں وفات پائی۔(۲)
This study discusses the strategy of strengthening religious education in Qurrota A'yun Islamic Elementary School (SDIT) in Marawola Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, with the problem is how the model of religious education learning in Qurrota A'yun Islamic Elementary School (SDIT) in Marawola Subdistrict, Sigi Regency. What is the strategy of strengthening religious education in the Integrated Islamic Elementary School (SDIT) Qurrota A’yun Marawola District Sigi Regency. This study used qualitative research methods. The research results are a model of religious education learning in SDIT Qurrota A’yun is to implement an integrated curriculum, namely between religious and general subjects, where the curriculum is designed by integrating Islamic values in learning activities. While the strategy of strengthening religious education at SDIT Qurrota A’yun was carried out in two activities namely learning and habituation. Learning activities are carried out through curricular learning and extracurricular learning.
It is acknowledged that the current leadership paradigm is encapsulated by the term transformational leadership', a concept that includes the dispersal of leadership responsibilities throughout an institution. No head teacher is in a position to be responsible for such a wide range of subject disciplines in addition to the overall management of the school. Delegation to teachers with specialist knowledge is the obvious answer to this time management issue. This sends a clear message that improvements of teaching and learning are more likely to be achieved when leadership is instructionally focused and located closest to the classroom, hence the significance of subject leadership in improving teachers' teaching practices. This case study was designed to explore three subject leaders' views and understanding of the successes and challenges they face in providing support to teachers to improve their teaching practices in an English medium private school in Karachi, Pakistan. It aimed to find out what support subject leaders provided to teachers and what strategies they used in providing support. The study also sought to understand the subject leaders' perceptions of their successes in providing support to teachers and the factors that facilitated their success. Moreover, the study aimed to find out the challenges subject leaders faced and how they dealt with them in providing support to the teachers. The subject leaders revealed their successes in supporting teachers to improve their classroom teaching practices especially in child-centered teaching strategies, setting examinations, subject content knowledge, and lesson planning. They perceived the support from the management, the head teacher and their experiences to be facilitating factors, which had made them successful in providing support to teachers. The subject leaders further revealed the challenges they face. These include time constraints, teacher turnover, observing senior teachers, and teachers' resistance to change. Lastly, they revealed the strategies they use in overcoming these challenges. The findings have significant implications for the school management, head teachers, and the subject leaders' professional development in sustaining the effectiveness of the subject leadership role.