A polyculture experiment was carried out to compare the growth performance and meat quality of Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio, under the influence of fertilization and supplementary feed in various combinations was conducted in earthen ponds having area of 0.02 ha with two replications for each treatment. After preliminary preparation of ponds, each pond was stocked with Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio in the ratio of 20:15:15, respectively. In this experiment, all the ponds received the same quantity of N but the sources were different. The amount of organic manure, fertilizer and supplementary feed was calculated on N-equivalence of 0.2g N/100g body weight of fish weekly for cow manure,nitrophos and daily basis for supplementary feed. In pond 1 100% nitrogen was taken from organic manure (cow manure) and in pond 2, 100% nitrogen was taken from inorganic fertilizers (nitrophos). In pond 3, 50% nitrogen was taken from cow manure and 50% from nitrophos whereas in pond 4, 50% nitrogen was taken from cow manure and 50% from supplementary feed. In case of pond 50, 50% nitrogen was taken from nitrophos and 50% from supplementary feed. Pond 6 received the 25% nitrogen from cow manure, 25% from nitrophos and 50% from supplementary feed under different treatments. The supplementary feed was formulated for treatments T 4 , T 5 and T 6 having 30% crude protein by using fish meal, rice polish, sunflower meal, maize gluten (30% C.P.), canola oil, vitamin and minerals premix. The following parameters viz., total body weight, total length, condition factor, specific growth rate (SGR), length-weight relationship, nitrogen conversion ratio (NCR), nitrogen incorporation efficiency(NIE), gross and net fish production, cost-benefit analysis, of these three fish species were recorded on monthly basis. At the final harvest, the proximate composition of fish meat sample was studied. Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio showed the minimum average body weight of 16.3, 16.5, 17.1, 16.5, 16.1 and 16.4g; 18.6, 19.1, 18.7, 18.9, 18.3 and 19.1g and 24.5, 24.9, 24.7, 24.7, 24.3 and 24.3g The maximum average body weight of Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio were recorded as 933.7, 923.1, 974.8, 931.9, 1024.6 and 1215.0g; 972.1, 890.6, 1073.0, 1181.0, 1038.7 and 1256.7g and 1013.7, 921.3, 992.6, 1105.8, 992.4 and 1119.0g in Catla catla showed the maximum growth performance (1256.7g) in T 6 receiving cow manure, nitrophos and supplementary feed. Labeo rohita showed the second highest (1215.0g), while in case of Cyprinus carpio, it was comparatively lesser (1119.0g) as compared to other two species. Labeo rohita showed the highest specific growth rate as (1.177%) followed by Catla catla (1.147%) and C. carpio (1.049%) in T 6 receiving cow manure, nitrophos and supplementary feed. Among the different treatments, the highest gross fish production of Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio were recorded as 2996.53 kg -1 ha -1 year -1 in T 6 receiving cow manure, nitrophos and supplementary feed amongst the treatments. The physicochemical charactersitics of pond water remained within the favourable limits for fish culture. Among these different treatments, T 6 under the influence of fertilization and supplementary feed is appeared to be optimal and best , as it significantly enhanced the fish growth rate, specific growth rate, fish production and other growth parameters as compared to the other treatments. From the above conclusion, manipulation of Cyprinus carpio along with the major carps and the provision of supplementary feed and fertilization enhanced the growth rate, production, meat quality a in semi intensive culture system. Furthermore it increased the effectiveness of liming application and the availability of nutrients to phytoplankton and zooplankton for the fish species in polyculture system which is helpful in reduction of the input costs.
پہلی گل پاکستان ایئر فورس دی ملازمت دے دور ان رسالپور اکیڈمی دے وچ جس ویلے میں ایم۔اے پنجابی کیتا تے دل وچ ہک کرلاٹ پے گئی۔کیوں کہ پنجابی ادب بندے نوں ورثے وچ ملیا سی۔والد صاحب حافظ قرآن تے درویش منش آدمی سن۔تے پنجابی دیاں کتاباں ،ہیر وارث شاہ،سسی پنوں،یوسف زلیخا،مولوی غلام رسول،کافیاں بُلھے شاہ،کافیاں شاہ حسین،سی حرفی سلطان باہو تے بوٹے گجراتی دیاں سی حرفیاں،تے دائم اقبال دائم دی کتاب سیف الملوک وغیرہ پہلے ہی گھر وچ مو جود سن۔ایس واسطے زیادہ تر سی حرفیاںتے بارہ ماہ ۱۹۹۴ئ،۱۹۹۵ء وچ ای لکھے گئے۔ وقت گزر دار ہیا تے ۲۰۱۸ء وچ بندے نیں ایم۔فل اردو کیتا تے اردو ،پنجابی وچ لکھن دا شوق پیدا ہویا۔بقول وارث شاہ: ’’بجھی عشق دی اگ نوں وا لگی،سماں آیا ای شوق جگاونے دا ‘‘ پنجابی غزلاں زیادہ تر ۲۰۱۸ تے ۲۰۱۹ وچ لکھیا ں گئیاں۔کتاب دا ناں’’دکھاں دی پنڈ ‘‘میرے اپنے ذہن دی پیداوار اے۔دنیاں دُکھّاں تے مصیبتاں دا گھر اے۔دنیا تے بھانویں کوئی جیڈا وی سکھی ہووے ،کوئی نہ کوئیدکھ ہر اک نوں ضرور ہوندا اے۔سیانے آکھدے نیں’’دکھاں توں بعد ای سکھ ملدے نیں‘‘۔جے دھپ ہے تے چھاں ہے،جے رات ہے تے دن ہے،جے ہنیرا ہے تے چانن ہے۔پھل بڑے نازک تے خوشبوواں دیون والے ہوندے نیں پر کنڈیاں توں خالی نہیں ۔ایس واسطے سکھاں دا صواد وی دکھاں توں بعد ہی اوندا اے۔ ’’یار میرا جے دکھ وچ راضی، میں سکھ نوں چلھے پاواں‘‘ جے بندے نوں کوئی وی دکھ نہ ہووے تے وقتِ نزع تاں گیا ہی کدائیں نہیں۔ ساڈے با بے آدم نوں رب نے جنت وچوں کڈھ کے تے زمین تے چا سٹیا۔گویا جنت وچوں نکل کے ہک قسم دے دوزخ وچ آ گئے،تے نال ہی’’دکھاں دی پنڈ ‘‘سر تے آ گئی۔اﷲ پاک نے اپنے ساریاں پیاریاں پیغمبراں نوں دکھ دے کے آزمایا۔وصل دیاں لذتاں وی ہجر فراق...
Sheikh Abdul Haq Muḥaddith Dehlavi is one of the prominent muhaddithin of the Subcontinent. He has played an unforgettable role in the leadership of the Ummah. His writings consist of God's benevolence, justice, and solving People’s problems so that they can look at their defects and focus on building their lives. He discussed topics related to the nation; do not follow useless philosophy and false interpretations which do not benefit a common man. Along with the reformed works, He has also left behind a large collection on technical topics. He wrote books on important and technical topics such as Tafseer, Tajweed, Hadith, Beliefs, Jurisprudence, Sufism, Ethics, Actions, Philosophy, History, Biography, etc. Sheikh Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehlavi has priority in teaching and publishing the knowledge of Hadith. In the context of the publication of the knowledge of hadith, his two commentaries Mishkwat al-Masabih, Ishaat al-Lamaat and Lamaat al-Tanqeeh, has a special place. In the said article, an introduction and methodological study of the work done by Sheikh Abdul Haq will be presented.
The strong economy and stabilized politics of US and geostrategic location and independent foreign policy of Iran have made them dominate powers in world politics. Unfortunately, their regional contradictory policies have been affectingPakistan badly since Pakistan has been linked with both of them one way or the other. Most importantly, the post-Islamic Revolution period brought serious ambiguities in Pak-Iran-US triangle since Pakistan became a strategic partner of US in Afghanistan against Soviet intervention whereas Iran declared US a Great Devil. Meanwhile, the incident of siege of Makkah and Pakistan’s inclination towards Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) further caused disturbance in Pak-Iran relations since Iran consider the GCC a council against its ideology. The thesis highlights the involvement of US in the affair of South Asia and Iran and its direct effects on Pakistan after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. It is believed that terrorism, extremism and nuclearization pace in South Asia have created enough excuse for US to butt in the internal politics of South Asia where Pakistan has been witnessed in siding the policies of US whose impacts were directly felt on Pak-Iran relations. The thesis also highlights the questions why has Pakistan been unable to maintain its neutrality over either the Iran-US political conflict or Iran-Saudi ideological war. It is believed that the economic compulsion and destabilized politics of Pakistan led Pakistan to be indecisive over its foreign policies via-a-vis Iran. However, it ought to be noted that the geo-strategic convergence, identical ideology and regional common issues of Pakistan and Iran are certain areas of convergence which do not only bridge the political gap between Pakistan and Iran, they also greatly benefit Pakistan economically and strengthen its national security. Moreover, via Iran, Pakistan can suffice its energy requirement; suppress the extremism and insurgency in Balochistan since these are the common issues of both countries. More importantly, the successful materialization of Gwadar Port and full-fledged operation of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) are mainly depended upon the regional policies of Iran. Therefore, keeping the whole VI above factors, while formulating its regional and international policies, Pakistan has to take a great care of Iran, without harming the national interests of the US, Iran and Saudi Arabia. But, the historical economic dependency towards US and political instability of Pakistan made it extremely tough for Pakistan to create a balanced relationship between US, Iran and Saudi Arabia. So, thesis would give a way forward to Pakistan to escape from the direct conflict of US and Iran and maintain a balanced relationship between Iran and US. The thesis is qualitative in nature where the author has investigated and analyzed certain facts, ambiguities and major issues of US-Iran-Saudi triangle and their implications on the region generally and on Pakistan specifically. The involvement of Pakistan in the proxy war of US in 1980s, becoming the frontline state in war against terror, inclination towards Saudi Arabia after Islamic Revolution, entertaining US regional interests, no doubt, earned dollars for Pakistan, but, they badly enhanced the economic dependency of Pakistan, promoted sectarian violence in Pakistan, doubled terrorist activities in the region and more importantly, created ways for regional and international powers to intervene in the internal politics of Pakistan.