Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Harmful Impact of City Effluents and Their Safe Disposal

Harmful Impact of City Effluents and Their Safe Disposal

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Farid, Sajid

Program

PhD

Institute

Gomal University

City

Dera Ismail Khan

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14283/1/6378H.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676726357511

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

شاعر صدیقی کی غزل گوئی

شاعرؔصدیقی کی غزل گوئی
غزل اْردو شاعری میں روح کی مانند ہے۔ یہ دراصل قصیدے کا ابتدائی حصہ تشبیب ہے جوعموماًعشق ومحبت کے مضامین پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔ ایک الگ صنف سخن کے طور پر ایرانی شعرا نے اس کورواج دیاعربی زبان میں غزل نام کوئی شعرِ صنف موجود نہیں ہے۔شمس رازیؔ نے غزل کی تعریف کچھ اس طرح کی کہ ہرن کو جب شکاری کتے دبوچھ لیتے ہیں اور بے بسی کی حالت میں اس کے منہ سے جو کرب ناک چیخ نکلتی ہے وہ غزل ہے۔معلمین ادب نے اب تک غزل کی جو تعریفیں کی ہیں ان میں سب سے مقبول تعریف یہ ہے کہ’’ عورتوں سے باتیں کرنا ،عورتوں کے متعلق باتیں کر نا ،عورتوں سے عشق بازی کرنا‘‘۔عربی زبان میں غزل سے مراد ’’کاتنا‘‘ لیا جاتا ہے۔عرب میں نوجوان لڑکیاں گھر کی مصروفیت سے جب فارغ ہوجاتی سوت کاتتی تھی اور جوگیت گھاتی اس کو غزل سے معنون کیا جاتا تھا۔شاعری کی اصطلاح میں غزل وہ شعری صنف ہے جس کے ہر شعر میں الگ مضمون باندھا گیا ہوجامعیت اور اختصار غزل کے ہر شعر کا خاصہ ہوتا ہے غزل کا ہر شعر اپنے مفہوم کے لحاظ سے سالم ہوتا ہے۔عشق و عاشقی کے مضامین غزل کے بنیادی عناصر سمجھے جاتے ہیں۔ڈاکٹر محمد عبدالحفیظ قتیلؔ نے اس حوالے سے کچھ یوں اظہار خیال کیا ہے:
’’غزل کے لغوی معنی عورتوں سے باتیں کرنے ،ان کے ساتھ خوش طبعی سے پیش آنے اور عاشقی کرنے کے ہیں۔اور اصطلاح میں اس صنف سخن کو کہتے ہیں جو حسن جمال کی تعریف اور عشق وعاشقی کے ذکر کے لیے مخصوص ہے‘‘ (۱)
ہیئت کے اعتبارسے غزل کے تمام مصرعے ایک ہی وزن وبحر میں ہوتے ہیں۔ہرشعر مفہوم کے اعتبار سے دوسرے سے مختلف ہوتا ہے۔اشعار کی تعداد کم ازکم پانچ سے سات ہونی چاہیے۔غزل کے پہلے...

Status of Abandoned Children: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Pakistani Law

This paper deals with the rights of abandoned children in the context of Pakistani society. The main issue is regarding legal status of such children which results in violation of their rights. Islamic law provides for rules for abandoned children which can be provided as a source for legislation in Pakistan. The paper argues that there is a need to formulate a clear legislation to ensure rights and protection of abandoned children. Currently the laws enacted in Pakistan lack provisions related to abandoned children. On the one hand the solutions like adoption/kafalah should be channelized and regularized and on the other hand serious efforts should be made to create awareness regarding rights of abandoned children among the masses. This is a comparative study which discusses and analyses relevant provisions in Islamic as well as Pakistani law.

Teacher Performance Appraisal: A Tool for Professional Development

Teacher Performance Appraisal has been considered an assessment tool among majority of teachers in Pakistan (Ali, 1998; Jaffer, 2007; Khalid, 2007). This study aimed to identify the required changes that could make appraisal as a tool for Teachers' Professional Development. The study was conducted in Star School (pseudonym), a secondary school in Karachi, Pakistan. The research was qualitative in nature using phenomenological approach. The seven research participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected during an eight week-period through semi-structured interviews, focused group discussion and document analysis. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, documents such as policy and procedures were also analysed. The findings reveal that appraisal supports towards the knowledge and skill enhancement of the teachers if the appraisal scheme and tools are understood by the teachers. The two purposes of appraisal; summative and formative may not be easy to disconnect in Star School (a secondary school) but the focus of appraisal can be shifted from accountability to developmental appraisal through incorporating self-evaluation of teachers as part of existing appraisal scheme in order to develop teacher-ownership into the appraisal process. This sense of ownership offers an effective basis for stimulating change and development. However, this process also necessitated initiatives for developing expertise in appraisers and a practice-shift to connect appraisal practices with teacher professional growth. This study also recommends inclusion of self-appraisal for teachers in existing appraisal process. This study holds significance for various audiences directly or indirectly in the organisation I work for. The study could help in strengthening the appraisal scheme and it could also enable Head teachers in further in improving appraisal scheme. For the other researchers at AKU-IED, this study could give a kick-start on exploration of TPA as a professional development tool for teachers in Pakistan.