Farooq, Muhammad
PhD
Quaid-I-Azam University
Islamabad
Islamabad.
Pakistan
2010
Completed
Natural Sciences
English
http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/719
2021-02-17 19:49:13
2024-03-24 20:25:49
1676726395389
أمطري، لا ترحمي طیفي في عمقِ الظلام
أمطري، صبّي علیّ السیل، یا روح الغمام
لا تُبالي([2]) أن تعیدیني علی الأرض حطام
وأحیلیني([3]) ، إذا شئت، جلیداً أو رُخام
أترکي ریح المساء الممطر الداجي([4]) تجنّ
ودعي الأطیار، تحت المطر القاسي، تئنّ
أغرقي الأشجار بالماءِ ولا یحزنکِ غصن
زمجري([5])، دويّ([6])، فلن أشکو، لن یأتیک لحن
أمطري فوقي، کماشئت، علی وجھي الحزین
لا تبالي جسدي الراعش، في کفّ الدجون([7])
أمطري، سیلي علی وجھي، أو غشيّ عیوني
بلّلي ما شئت کفيّ وشعري وجبیني
أغرقي، في ظلمۃ اللیل، القبور البالیہ([8])
وألطمي، ما شئتِ أبواب القُصور العالیہ
أمطري، في الجبل الناءي([9])، وفوق الھاویۃ([10])
أطفءي النیران، لا تُبقي لحيّ باقیہ
آہ ما أرھبکِ الآن، وقد ساد السکون
غیر صوتِ الرّیح، في الأعماق([11]) تدوي في جنون
لم تزل تھمي([12])، من الأمطار، في الأرض، عیون
لم یَزٖل، قلبي حزیناً، تحت أمواج الدُجون
أیّھا الأمطارُ، قد ناداکِ قلبي البشريُّ
ذلک المفرق في الأشواق، ذاک الشاعريّ
إغسلیہ، أم تری الحزنُ حماہ([13]) الأبديّ
أبداً ، مثلک یا أمطارُ، دفاقٌ نقيُّ
أبداً یسمعُ، تحت اللیل، وقعَ القطرات
ساھماً یحلم بالماضي وألغاز الممات
یسأل الأمطار: ما أنتِ؟ وما سرّ الحیاۃ؟
وأنا، فیم وجودي؟ فیم دمعي وشکاتي([14])؟
ما أنا؟ ما أنتِ یا أمطار؟ ما ذاک الخضمُّ(Economic Policies of Pakistan During Military Rules an Analytical Study in Islamic Perspective
In the history of Pakistan, three military governments ruled for a quite long period. Nonetheless, they made no stable policies for the economic development of Pakistan. As a result, Pakistan could not make progress on strong foundation. Economic policies were meant for a shorter interval. Therefore, they only resulted in cosmetic change in the economy. The results of these policies were restricted to a certain class and the public suffered from the negative impact of these policies. Public welfare got secondary importance which resulted in economic inequality. Wealth circulated within a few families. In all the three reigns, no strategy was formed for the paying of external debt. On the one hand, the salvation of Pakistan was put at stake by increasing external debt and aid while on other hand, masses suffered added direct and indirect taxes. In these conditions, common man could not fulfill his basic necessities of life. Pakistan could make considerable progress, if any of the governments might have considered Islamic principles of Islam. Genetic Basis of Water Stress Tolerance in Triticum Aestivum L.
Water stress is a key constraint in grain production of bread wheat. Using genomic and advanced breeding tools, genetic improvement in wheat and other crops is possible under water stress conditions. Fifty wheat genotypes were screened against water stress using traits like relative water contents and excised leaf water loss. Two water stress tolerant (Chakawal-50 and mairaj-08) and two susceptible (9436 and Millat-11) genotypes were identified and crossed to develop F1, F2 and backcross generations. Genetic analysis was conducted for relative water contents, excised leaf water loss, cell membrane thermo-stability, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll contents, plant height, flag leaf area, specific flag leaf area, peduncle length, spike length, number of tillers per plant, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spikes, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant and harvest index. Presence of additive, dominance and epistatic components were identified. Gene action was found complex showed that selection should be done in later generations for improvement of traits. Medium to high broad sense heritability, low to medium narrow sense heritability and low to high genetic advance was observed. Analysis under normal and water stress conditions revealed heterosis for relative water contents, excised leaf water loss, chlorophyll contents and plant height. Correlation analysis showed that relative water contents, cell membrane thermo-stability, photosynthetic rate and grain yield per plant were positively correlated with each other. Excised leaf water loss was negatively correlated with cell membrane thermo-stability, photosynthetic rate, relative water contents and grain yield per plant. A total of 30 ISSR markers were used to survey F2 population developed by a cross of Chakawal-50 (tolerance) and 9436 (susceptible) revealing a lots of DNA polymorphism. DNA polymorphism was used to construct genetic linkage map. In linkage analysis 73 bands produced from 4 ISSR markers were mapped on chromosomes. One QTL for photosynthetic rate on chromosome 3A, one for cell membrane thermo-stability on chromosome 2B and one for relative water contents on chromosome 4D was identified. These QTLs could be used to mold wheat genome into water stress tolerant wheat genome.