نعمان سلیم کی انگریزی نظم کا ترجمہ ۔۔۔عنبرین خان
شبِ تیرہ کی سیاہی کے چند خاموش،
بے رنگ، دودھیا لمحوں میں
خوابیدہ رہے ہم تم
یہاں آؤ
گھڑی بھر کو
تم اپنی سرخ ہتھیلی کو کھڑکی پر ٹکا کے
دھند کے اس پار،
افق سے بھی پرے دیکھو
سنو!
سرگوشیاں چلتی ہواؤں کی
یہ موسم، جان و دل کے زخم بوسیدہ، پرانے سب،
ہرے کرنے کا موسم ہے
وہ دیکھو!
دور اوپر آسماں کی وسعتوں میں
سرمئی گہرائیاں ہم کو بلاتی ہیں
چلو آؤ!
کہ ہم بانہوں میں بانہیں ڈال کر
آغاز کرتے ہیں، نئی اک بےکراں
نیلی، بنفشی سی مسافت کا
کہ ہر حد سے پرے
ہم نور کی پرواز کرتے ہیں
The paper examines the dynamics of The Gambian National Youth Service Scheme (NYSS) founded in 1996 through the efforts of Nigeria’s National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) Scheme. Though modeled after the NYSC, it has ventured into things NYSC has not. One of these was its most recent partnership with the IOM to curb recurrent illicit migration of The Gambian youths. The questions are, has this aspect of Nigeria-The Gambia history been documented? Has Nigerian Scheme gone into partnership with the IOM in the enterprise like The Gambian counterpart? Since its establishment, how many times has NYSC adjusted to changing realities? In what theoretical contexts could one frame the argument of the NYSS/ IOM partnership and what lessons does that holds for NYSC and similar youths’ services in Africa in the century? In addressing the problem, the paper adopts the qualitative method of historical research and gleans on evidence from diverse sources. It foregrounds its argument on the ideas of the National Youth Service as “Moral Equivalent of War”, “Service- Learning” and “A Way of Strengthening Ties among the People of the World” espoused by William James, John Dewey, and Rosenstock-Huessy. It concludes by charging NYSC and similar services to adjust to meet the current challenges of African youth and society
The purpose of this research study is to explore the practice of the cross cultural training before expatriates
are posted on overseas assignments, and to assess the impacts of cross cultural training on the performance
of expatriates. Multinational organizations need expatriates who can be representatives, ambassadors and
have knowledge of coordination, integration of operations, knowledge transfer, and global managerial skills
as they are investing in foreign markets to establish some subsidiaries in foreign countries. During this
process, many of expatriates are not able to complete their overseas assignments. The rate of failure
sometimes can reach to 85 percent. The main reasons of this high rate are culture shock, difficulties in
adjustment, and so on.
A questionnaire was developed based on the theoretical framework. The samples comprising 100 expatriates
were taken from different organizations; education, construction, telecommunication, and press and media
were focused in particular.
The conclusion of the study has revealed that there are multi-faceted benefits of cross cultural training for
expatriates working abroad. Cross cultural training can minimize culture shock, and premature return.
Moreover, it can facilitate cultural adjustment, high productivity, and expatriates’ performance.
The study has been delimited to the global companies operating in Pakistan. However, the majority of the
organizations are established in Islamabad.