Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Impact of Drinking Water Contamination Caused by Hattar Industrial Estate on Health and Household Utility

Impact of Drinking Water Contamination Caused by Hattar Industrial Estate on Health and Household Utility

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Ullah, Aziz

Program

PhD

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8104/1/Aziz%20Ullah_Env%20Sci_2017_Comsats_HSR-14-12-17.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726414641

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Impact of Drinking Water Contamination Caused by Hattar Industrial Estate on Health and Household Utility Economic activity of industry is posing a serious threat to the health and lives of communities living around. The compromised and unaware behavior of the people is affecting the human health and life and its impact spreads from individual to society in various dimensions. This multidisciplinary study attempts to identify, quantify and analyze the problem of industrial wastewater contamination into the drinking water of the communities and its impact on health and utility at household level. The study is based on primary data and in total 950 households interviewed and 305 drinking water samples collected from area affected by Hattar Industrial Estate (HIE) in Pakistan. The data is collected from two affected villages (Dingi and Motian) situated on the bank of industrial wastewater channel and from one reference village (Khanpur) located upstream with the same socio-economic characteristics as target villages. The study used Geographical Information Systems (GIS), epidemiology, environmental sciences and economic approach to analyze data. Based on laboratory tests, in drinking water of target villages, lead and Nickel is found above the guideline values of the World Health Organization (WHO). Single difference approach of with and without is adopted to analyze its impact. The associated diseases in both selected villages found to be high blood pressure, lipominingocele, renal disease, black gums, skin and joint pains. The statistical relationship between the contaminants and diseases was positive. Other variables of high significance included location, pollution awareness and perception of risk. Based on the principle of household‘s utility maximization three demand equations were estimated: 1. demand for health status, 2. Demand for mitigating activities and 3. Demand for avertive activities. The three demand equations are quantified in terms of marginal willingness to pay; opportunity cost of avertive measures and leisure; economic cost of water pollution; and welfare loss to the community. Marginal willingness to pay is estimated as Rs. 4142.03/- and Rs. 819.6/- per household/per annum for the target villages of Dingi and Motian respectively. Total opportunity cost of avertive measures and leisure for Dingi xi was Rs. 7955/- where for Motian Rs.4260/-. Total economic cost for Dingi and Motian was Rs.11889/- and Rs.10442 per household per annum respectively. The welfare loss to the community due to industrial water contamination was calculated as Rs. 5.8 million per annum for Dingi where Rs. 0.2 million per annum for Motian. The total welfare loss due to water contamination in both selected villages was Rs.6 million per annum. This welfare quantification, if extrapolated to other villages situated on the wastewater channel, can result in high monetary loss to the community. This monetary loss is in addition to the physical and psychological sufferings associated with diseases. The findings of the study cannot be generalized for all pollutants or all locations since it is based on data collected from households affected by heavy metal water contamination caused by HIE in Pakistan. However the majority of developing countries are facing similar types of problems and the results of this study can be helpful in the choice of better policy options. The results suggest that apart from environmental pollution, the economic and behavioral factors also contribute to the prevalence of disease. Therefore, policy initiatives should be focused on specific issues such as decisions on the location of industrial estates; inclusion of environmental awareness in the formal education; motivation to the community for participation in government or Non Government Organization(NGO) run programs for environmental awareness; and adoption of aversion and mitigation measures to save the communities from harmful effects of pollution.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

مولوی محمود الحسن

آہـ! مولوی محمودالحسن
اس مہینہ کے معارف کی طباعت ختم ہو رہی تھی کہ یکا یک خبر ملی کہ مولوی محمود الحسن ناظم انجمن تعلیمات دین، اپنے بچوں، عزیزوں اور قدر دانوں کو چھوڑ کراب وہاں ہیں جہاں نیکوں، پاکبازوں، صفاکشوں کو سرور جاودانی اور حیات ابدی ملتی ہے، ان کی دائمی جدائی پر کچھ آنکھیں نمناک اور اشکبار ہوں گی، لیکن انجمن تعلیمات دین کے کارکنوں اور ہمدردوں کی آنکھوں سے خون کے آنسو، بھی جاری ہوں گے تو اس سے ان کی دائمی رحلت کی غم ناکی اور درد ناکی دور نہ ہو سکے گی، ان کی وفات کچھ ایسا ہی جاں گسل سانحہ ہے۔
وہ انجمن تعلیمات دین کے بانیوں میں سے تھے، ۱۹۴۷؁ء کے انقلاب کے بعد چند مردان خدا کی بدولت یہ انجمن قائم ہوئی تو زبان حال سے یہ کہہ رہی تھی:
یہ دور اپنے ابراہیمؑ کی تلاش میں ہے
اس انجمن نے اترپردیش میں جو کام انجام دیے ہیں، وہ مسلمانوں کی ملی تاریخ کا ایک زریں کارنامہ ہے، اس کے ذریعہ سے بے شمار دینی مکاتب قائم ہوئے، جن سے اترپردیش کے مسلمان بچوں کی دینی حمیت اور ایمانی غیرت کے ثبات ویقین کا سامان فراہم ہوا، جناب عدیل عباسی مرحوم نے اس کارواں کے یکہ تاز بن کر جس طرح رجز خوانی کی، اس سے انجمن کا کام بہت آگے بڑھا، ان کے یمین ویسار میں مولوی ظفر احمد صدیقی مرحوم وکیل اور مولوی محمود الحسن رہے، جس سے اس کے کام کو غیر معمولی فروغ ہوا، مصلحت خداوندی سے جناب عدیل عباسی مرحوم اور جناب ظفر احمد صدیقی مرحوم، مولوی محمودالحسن کو تنہا چھوڑ گئے، مگر وہ اس کے لیے عمل پیہم اور یقین محکم بلکہ سوزدروں، درد پنہاں اور روح جاں گسل بنے رہے، وہ کسی مجلس میں بیٹھ جاتے تو معلوم ہوتا کہ انجمن تعلیمات...

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF POSITIONAL RELEASE TECHNIQUE AND MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE ON LOW BACK PAIN-A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Aims of Study: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the impact of positional release technique and muscular energy technique on low back pain. Methodology: It was a single blinded randomized controlled trial. Participants were enrolled using envelop method of simple random sampling technique. A total n=30 clinically diagnosed LBP patients with between 26 to 40 y/o were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Group-A MET (n=15) patients receiving muscle energy technique and Group-B PRT (n=15) patients receiving Positional Release Technique for two weeks. Results: Between groups analysis was performed using independent t test as the data was normally distributed. The results revealed statically significant results in both the groups. However, group A show more significant results with mean value of 2.0±0.53, 10.73±1.79, and 2.80±0.14 for NPRS, ODI, and Modified Schober’s Test Score respectively as shown in table 3. Limitations and Future Implications: The study may have had a limited number of participants, which could affect the generalizability of the results. Secondly, the study might have focused on short-term outcomes, assessing the immediate effects of the interventions. Originality: The study has used and compared new technique and have identified the efficacy between the two physical therapy intervention based study. Conclusions According to the findings of this study, both therapy options are successful in treating low back pain. The effectiveness of the patients in the muscle energy technique group, however, showed a substantial difference.

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamics of Solar Activity Cycles in the Perspective of Data Distribution and Tail Analysis

Sun is the main source of energy for the earth and other planets. Its activity in one or the other way influences the terrestrial climate. Particularly, the solar activity manifested in the form of sunspots is found to be more influential on the earth’s climate and its magnetosphere. Links of the variability in terrestrial climate, sunspot cycles and associated magnetic cycles have been the concern of many recent studies. The role of the sun and its activities to understand the space weather and the earth’s environment interaction has been the unique importance in all eras. In this dissertation, we have fitted some adequate probability distributions and stochastic modeling on solar activity (particularly sunspots and solar flares) cycles and terrestrialmagnetic (K-index) activity data comparatively. The 24 cycles (1749-2014) of sunspots including 24th cycle that is in progress, last 4 cycles (20, 21, 22 and 23) of solar flares (1966-2008) and terrestrial K-index activity data (1932-2014) are used in the research work. We have compared the solar activity cycles and K-index activity cycles (associated with solar activity cycle) in the perspective of probability distributions. Comparing both the data we have distributed the time series (1932-2014) among 22-year cycle (2 solar cycles) of each. This kind of distribution is based on the period of one magnetic cycle of sun in which polarity is changed after each 11 years. The magnetosphere’s and magnetic field’s variation of earth can be detected and analyzed by the change in K-index data on which earth climate is depends. The geomagnetic activity is the one of the best recorded sign on earth of solar activity variations. It is basically showing a relationship between space weather and earth''s climate.Results obtained in this dissertation show thequasi-regular (persistent) dynamics of solar activity and K-index activity cycles along with the total time series data from the perspective of fractal dimension. Long-range dependence for each activity cycle is also calculated in terms of Hurst exponent. Theoretical instrument is developed between solar and K-index activity cycles to understand their long term relationship. Stochastic modeling is also fitted on the solar activity and K-index cyclic as well as on the total time series data. The result shows the heavy tail for the sunspots and K-index activity time series data used in this dissertation. The stochastic model FARIMA (Fractional Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average) is applied on the cycles along with their total time series data as used time series are long ringing dependence (LRD). FARIMA has a capability to use on short and long term conditions. Fractional differencing parameter and heavy tails parameter are calculated to understand the strength and peak of each cycle. The parameters of FARIMA model are obtained by MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimator). Goodness-of-fit (AIC, BIC and HIC) are used to select the best fitted model among FARIMA (0, d, 0), (1, d, 0), (0, d, 1) and (1, d, 1). The log - likelihood is also estimated for further verification of significant model. Any time series that have heavy tail, fitting FARIMA modeling for them can be more useful to understand their expected behavior in future. The underlying physics of solar activity and K-index activity cycles is modeled by FARIMA (p, d, q) in this dissertation. Finally, we have analyzed and verified that the sunspots and K-index activities are followed Markov process. Transition matrices for both the activities are estimated to understand their physical behavior in 4 different selected states. Stationarity for stochastic matrices is observed in this dissertation to understand similar physical behavior in the used activity data. 2-dimensional correlation between stochastic matrices of sunspots and K-index activity cycles are calculated to understand how much relationship strong between them. In this connection 2-dimensional correlation is also obtained between sunspots and ENSO data to observe the sunspots effects on the earth’s climate. Bayesian posterior and prior are also observed in the estimated stochastic matrices as Bayesian approach is more adequate to understand the complex in the models. By the results obtained we can say that all the activities used in this dissertation are correlated and predictable. We can use probabilistic and stochastic approach to model them. The topic is wide that we could not cover by single dissertation, the same can be done with other solar, geomagnetic and global indices that we did not use in this research work to understand the space weather and earth climate interaction more intensely.