Pakistan is an agricultural country. Agriculture is the mainstay of the country’s economy. Wheat as a staple food crop of Pakistan is grown on about 8 million hectares every year. It is a Rabi (winter) crop and follows by rice and cotton in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat systems, respectively. Pakistan’s population is increasing at an alarming pace and it has reached to about 170 million already. It is, therefore, imperative to enhance wheat yield by encouraging farmers, predominantly small farmers, to grow more wheat with efficient and judicious use of land and water resources. Land and water resources especially for agricultural purposes are getting scarce day by day due to mismanagement. This water deficient scenario is also posing serious threats to food security for coming generations. A shift in the irrigation techniques intervening flooded irrigation methods for efficient utilization of resources are being recommended and same has been actively adopted in many areas of the Pakistan. The irrigation water saving technologies mainly include Watercourse Improvement, Improved farm layout, Laser land leveling and bed planting of wheat. The techniques adopted in the Punjab have shown encouraging results. To see the adoption of latest technologies at small farms, district Faisalabad was selected as study area, which consists of five Tehsils; Faisalabad, Jaranwala, Sammandri, Chak Jhumra and Tandlianwala. To see implications of the water saving irrigation interventions a tehsile wise list of improved watercourses was collected from the office of the District Officer, Water Management Faisalabad. A list of 25 watercourses was separately prepared duly authenticated by water management officer, where maximum water saving interventions were applied. Ten improved watercourses where maximum (5 or 6 out of 10 water saving irrigation interventions)were found applied, were selected by using Randomizer.com pathway from each Tehsil, thus total 30 improved watercourses were taken where maximum water saving irrigation interventions were applied. From these 30 watercourses 9 small farmers (having landholding<12.5 acres) were selected randomly from each watercouse, 3 from Head, Middle and Tail, respectively. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations and rank orders were used to summarize different variables. Chi-square, Contingency Coefficient test was also used to find out the association and degree of association between dependent and independent variables. The adoption level of farmers regarding water saving irrigation was 90%and increase in wheat yield was significantly affected. Overall the results of the data show that adoption of the water saving interventions affected the income of the respondents. Furthermore the adoption of water saving interventions as well as wheat sowing recommendations also affected upon the socio economic conditions of the respondents. There also existed significant association among different independent and dependent attributes.
مولانا اخلاق حسین قاسمی دہلوی؍ حکیم عزیز الرحمان مؤی؍ ڈاکٹر مقتدی حسن ازہری افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ دنوں ہماری مجلس علم و دانش کو مولانا اخلاق حسین قاسمی دہلوی، حکیم عزیز الرحمان مؤی اور ڈاکٹر مقتدی حسن ازہری جیسی اہم شخصیتوں سے محروم ہونا پڑا، قرآن مجید اور علوم دینیہ کی تبلیغ، تفہیم اور توسیع میں ان کی خدمات لائق تحسین رہیں، دارالمصنفین سے ان حضرات کا تعلق اخلاص و تعاون کا تھا، معارف میں ان تینوں کی نگارشات آتی رہیں، افسوس ہے کہ اب ان کی جگہ لینے والے نظر نہیں آتے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان تمام مرحومین کے حسنات کو قبول کرے اور جنت الفردوس کی نعمت سے نوازے، معارف میں ان کا ذکر تفصیل سے آنا چاہیے، آئندہ شماروں میں شاید یہ ضرورت پوری کی جاسکے۔ ( عمیر الصدیق دریابادی ندوی ، نومبر ۲۰۰۹ء)
Islam gives the idea of collective life and tries for human development. The basic idea of the teaching of Islam is that the individual must be true and active worker of society. He must have moral values and principles clearly. In addition, he tries constantly that a Muslim should perform saying of Allah and human rights properly. In this way, Islam tries to work on the behavior, morality, and habits of people and tries his best to properly enhance the different aspects of personality. For this, the life of Prophet Muhammad? Is a complete code of life. The good characteristics of Muslims are considered praiseworthy that are truth, brotherhood, justice, forgiveness, the oneness of Allah and keepings. In the same way, the things which are condemned by Islam are bride, misery, theft, backbiting, telling lies, blaming others, self-centeredness, close vision, dishonesty, garrulous, greediness, showiness manners, jealousy, un-obligation, clashes, hatred and etc. The philosophy of character building and personality development in Islam is the Muslims should avoid all bad works and develops good qualities in him as discussed before so that a Muslim should be a very useful and pious citizen of society. And we all know that education especially we can say that Islamic Education is a tool of change. So education is worthless if it does not create change in the minds of people and society. It is useless if it does not build the moral character regarding the personality development of the students. Islam tells us all about the values which are fruitful for humanity and are beneficial to human beings. For this purpose, it is necessary that we should give awareness of Islamic values to the people through Islamic education. It is only possible if the textbooks are designed according to the Islamic concept and values as well as teachers and parents play their effective role in the development of the personality of their children. Pakistan is a Muslim country and has its own religious, moral, political and social values and being a Muslim through an effective Islamic educational system, we can transfer these values to our new generation. Our curriculum is playing key role in the personality development and character building of the students or not is the main question so that this article is being written. In this article keeping in view the aims and objectives of the curriculum of Islamic Studies and following the Quranic verses and Hadith, we will try to analyze whether it is building the personality or character of students or not. After that, the conclusion and recommendations will be given keeping in view the analysis.
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the major global health concern that ranks seventh among the common types of cancers and is the sixth most fatal disease worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common major histologic subtype of EC in regions of Greater Iran with high prevalence, more than 140/100,000 population. In Pakistan it was ranked fourth overall, third in males and fifth in females. Molecular carcinogenesis of the disease has not been explored in depth so far leading to lack of effective chemotherapeutic approach and adverse prognosis. Material and methods: This study was carried out in Pakistani and Afghan patients of ESCC, living in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. We investigated the risk factors and molecular abnormalities of ESCC. For molecular analysis formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE) of ESCC and paired healthy esophageal mucosa were used. The study’s objective was to investigate the expression profile of COX-2 and WT1 biomarkers at protein level using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Also, Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to identify expression profile of COX-2 and WT1 at mRNA level by RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis in ESCC cases. The DNA isolated from ESCC samples were sequenced to find the spectrum of mutation relevant to COX-2 and WT1 gene. The immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. ANOVA test was used to determine the variations in means of gene expression in normal esophageal mucosa, carcinoma in situ and tumor tissue of esophagus. Furthermore, Pearson’s Chi square test was applied to assess the correlation of Clinico Pathological variables. For RT-PCR analysis paired sample t test was used. Results: High expression of WT1 and COX-2 was observed in 38% and 67% of ESCC cases, respectively, when compared to paired normal mucosa by immunohistochemistry. Similarly, for in carcinoma in situ (CIS), high expression was 36% of WT1and 79% in COX-2. Naswar users constituted 67% of ESCC patients, among them high expression of WT1 and COX-2 was observed in 42% and 65% patients, respectively. High relative fold difference of mRNA in ESCC samples was noticed in both WT1 (1.092) and COX-2 (1.2500) when compared to paired normal esophageal mucosa (1.0000) by qRT-PCR. When comparing the expression of WT1 by IHC with the relative fold difference by qRT-PCR, correlation between protein and mRNA expression was found in negative, weakly positive and strongly positive ESCC cases. Synonymous mutation A 903 G was detected at exon 7 in WT1 gene in malignant and normal samples of ESCC patient, without any change in amino acid. Conclusion: Naswar use is more common in patients of ESCC in the KP province of Pakistan and may be a risk factor in ESCC and highlights the need for improved public health practices and awareness to reduce the addiction to tobacco and snuffing. qRT-PCR is a fast tissue and powerful technique to identify low level of mRNA for quantification of gene expression levels. Few studies have addressed the issue of gene expression by qRT PCR in FFPE tissue which is often the only sample for research in routine practice. In this study increased relative expression of WT1 and COX-2 gene in ESCC patients was found by IHC and qRT-PCR techniques in FFPE tissue samples. Overexpression of COX-2 and WT1 is positively associated with ESCC.Our results may provide the evidence for immunotherapy targeting of the WT1 protein in ESCC cases expressing WT1 while its anti-oligomers may be the part of molecular targeted therapy in these individuals. The results of this study suggest that inhibitors of COX-2 may potentially be beneficial for preventive and therapeutic measures with an adjuvant therapy in high risk ESCC patients. Further studies on a larger scale are needed to confirm the prognostic and predictive value of COX-2 and WT1 in this high risk population. Raising public awareness of these cancers and improved knowledge of symptoms could help to identify earlier stage tumors and consequently improve the prognosis of these cancers, particularly in more deprived localities