Pakistan is an agricultural country. Agriculture is the mainstay of the country’s economy. Wheat as a staple food crop of Pakistan is grown on about 8 million hectares every year. It is a Rabi (winter) crop and follows by rice and cotton in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat systems, respectively. Pakistan’s population is increasing at an alarming pace and it has reached to about 170 million already. It is, therefore, imperative to enhance wheat yield by encouraging farmers, predominantly small farmers, to grow more wheat with efficient and judicious use of land and water resources. Land and water resources especially for agricultural purposes are getting scarce day by day due to mismanagement. This water deficient scenario is also posing serious threats to food security for coming generations. A shift in the irrigation techniques intervening flooded irrigation methods for efficient utilization of resources are being recommended and same has been actively adopted in many areas of the Pakistan. The irrigation water saving technologies mainly include Watercourse Improvement, Improved farm layout, Laser land leveling and bed planting of wheat. The techniques adopted in the Punjab have shown encouraging results. To see the adoption of latest technologies at small farms, district Faisalabad was selected as study area, which consists of five Tehsils; Faisalabad, Jaranwala, Sammandri, Chak Jhumra and Tandlianwala. To see implications of the water saving irrigation interventions a tehsile wise list of improved watercourses was collected from the office of the District Officer, Water Management Faisalabad. A list of 25 watercourses was separately prepared duly authenticated by water management officer, where maximum water saving interventions were applied. Ten improved watercourses where maximum (5 or 6 out of 10 water saving irrigation interventions)were found applied, were selected by using Randomizer.com pathway from each Tehsil, thus total 30 improved watercourses were taken where maximum water saving irrigation interventions were applied. From these 30 watercourses 9 small farmers (having landholding<12.5 acres) were selected randomly from each watercouse, 3 from Head, Middle and Tail, respectively. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations and rank orders were used to summarize different variables. Chi-square, Contingency Coefficient test was also used to find out the association and degree of association between dependent and independent variables. The adoption level of farmers regarding water saving irrigation was 90%and increase in wheat yield was significantly affected. Overall the results of the data show that adoption of the water saving interventions affected the income of the respondents. Furthermore the adoption of water saving interventions as well as wheat sowing recommendations also affected upon the socio economic conditions of the respondents. There also existed significant association among different independent and dependent attributes.
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
20:01 Ta Ha!
20:02 a. WE have not sent down The Qur’an on to you - O The Prophet - to make you distressed,
20:03 a. rather, it is a Reminder to those who stand in awe of Allah – The One and Only God.
20:04 a. It is a sending down from the One WHO created the terrestrial world and the celestial realm, so high -
20: 05 - The Immensely Merciful, On the Throne of Almightiness HE established HIMSELF.
20:06 To HIM belongs whatever is within the celestial realm and whatever is within the terrestrial world, as well as whatever is between and beyond them, and whatever is even beneath the ground.
20:07 And it does not matter whether you speak aloud, HE certainly Knows all that is even secret - in a person’s consciousness, and whatever is even more deeply concealed - a thought which is in the subconscious.
20:08 Such is Allah! There is no entity of worship apart from HIM! For HIM are the Names, Most Glorious, and the Attributes of Perfection.
20:09 a. And has the narrative of Moses reached you – O The Prophet?
20:10 When Moses was traveling with his family in the Sinai desert he perceived a fire at some distance. He said to his family: ‘Wait here! In fact, I perceive a fire. Maybe I can bring you a firebrand from it, or find some guidance by the fire’...
Lung mass is an abnormal region of 3 cm or more in size present in the lungs mainly due to underlying pulmonary caner. It is usually round, opaque and poorly differentiated on X-ray. Common etiological key players are smoking, exposure to asbestos, radon, however, familial history may also play a role. We presented retrospectively7 cases of lung mass and nodule encountered during our clinical practice. We have discussed their clinical presentation, manifestation, medical history, radiological findings and differential diagnosis. In this case series, most of the patients were young, only 2 cases were older patients. There was one infant one month old, one female child 12 years old, one female 25 years, 2 males, 22 and 21 years, one male of 50 years and another male of 60 years age. Correct diagnosis on the basis of clinical profile, radiological findings and histology may help in proper management and hence, timely treatment of the patient
Customer churn prediction helps in identifying those customers who are probable to stop a subscription, product or service, and is therefore very essential for any business. Churn prediction
can be very valuable for customer retention, as it helps in predicting customers that are at risk of
leaving. It is more challenging to put forth churn prediction in banking sector, as there is no
contractual agreement between a customer and the bank regarding the duration of services. Loss
of customers can be very costly as it is very expensive to obtain new customers in this age of
competition. There are many churn prediction techniques however; K-Means, Local Outlier
Factors (LOF) and Cluster-Based Local Outlier Factors (CBLOF) have not been used so far for
this purpose. In this research, I have applied these techniques for customer churn prediction. The
results are evaluated and analyzed using Precision (Pr), Recall (Re) and F1
measure to justify the efficiency and effectiveness of this research.