Drought stress is the major limiting environmental factor in wheat yield. It is thought to be the most crucial factor that hinders crop productivity and poses problems to meet the increasing food demands. So, need is to develop drought tolerant and high yielding varieties to feed the ever increasing population. Wheat is highly calcitrant and poor responsive to tissue culture like other cereal crops. Recent study was conducted with the aims to establish an efficient regeneration protocol for development of transgenic wheat with improved drought tolerance and increased biomass. gdhA is a multifunctional gene reported to improve nitrogen and carbon metabolism, drought and herbicide tolerance and biomass. Regeneration protocol for wheat commercial cultivar Faisalabad-2008 was optimized using different combinations of 2,4-D, carbon source and age of calli. Better regeneratuion response was observed in 3 weeks old calli using 2 mg/L 2,4-D and maltose as carbon source. gdhA of E. coli was transformed using Agrobacterium mediated transformation method. Drought tolerance of putative transgenics calli was evaluated in vitro using different levels of PEG6000. Molecular analysis for presence and expression of transgene was performed. Transgenics alongwith control plants were subjected to different levels of drought stress. Transgenic plants showed 6.2, 13 and 10.1% more RWC and 5.6, 13.4 and 15.4% less saturation water deficit than control plants at moderate, medium, and high level of drought stress respectively. gdhA transgenic plants also showed 10.8% more excised leaf water retention and quick recovery from drought than non-transgenic controls. About 52.2 and 29.73% and 16.47 % more chlorophyll a, b and X+C contents were estimated in transgenic plants than controls. Effect of different levels of drought stress on plant pigments was also measured. Non-transgenic control plants showed 5.71, 20.39 and 15.89% more decrease in chlorophyll A and B contents at medium, mild and high level of drought stress. In control plants 44.74 and 67.39 % more increase in X+C contents in comparison to transgenics at low and medium level of drought stress while 70.98 % decrease was estimated at high level of drought stress. Regarding biomass related parameters were studied. Transgenic plants showed 10, 8.39, 9.69 and 8.02 % increase in number of fertile tillers, spikelets/spike, grains/spike and 1000 grain weight respectively than non-transgenic control plants. The ectopic expression of gdhA gene in transgenic plants resulted in improved drought tolerance and biomass.
مولانا محفوظ الرحمن نامی افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں مولانا محفوظ الرحمن صاحب نامی بھی وفات پاگئے۔مرحوم دیوبند کے تعلیم یا فتہ اور علماً وعملاً اس کی روایات کے حامل تھے۔ آزادی کے بعد اتر پردیش میں پارلیمنٹری سکریٹری بھی ہوگئے تھے اور اسی زمانہ میں راقم الحروف کواُن کے ساتھ قیام کرنے اور ان کی فیاضانہ مہربانی سے لطف اندوز ہونے کا متعددبار موقع ملاتھا۔مگریہ جامۂ تنگ ان کے قامت آزاد پر راس نہیں آیا۔اس لیے جلدہی استعفاء دے دامن جھاڑ کر کھڑے ہوگئے اوراب انھوں نے اپنی زندگی مسلمان بچّوں اور بچّیوں کوقرآن مجید کی تعلیم کے ساتھ ساتھ عربی زبان کی تعلیم کے لیے وقف کردی جومرحوم کے نزدیک ملک کے موجودہ حالات میں مسلمانوں کودین پرقائم رکھنے کے لیے بہت ضروری تھی۔چنانچہ اس سلسلہ میں ایک نئے طرز پرانھوں نے متعدد رسالے اور کتابیں لکھیں اوراُن کی اشاعت اورتبلیغ کے لیے دوردراز کے سفر کیے۔ کام ہمت اور طاقت سے بہت زیادہ تھا اس لیے اچانک فالج کاحملہ ہوا اور اس میں ایسے مبتلاہوئے کہ ایک مرتبہ جوپڑے توپھر اٹھنا نصیب نہیں ہوا ۔آخر پانچ چھ برس کی مسلسل معذوری اور بے بسی کے بعد گذشتہ ماہ داعی اجل کو لبیک کہہ گئے ۔رحمہ اﷲ رحمۃً واسعۃً۔ [دسمبر ۱۹۶۳ء]
The paper examines the dynamics of The Gambian National Youth Service Scheme (NYSS) founded in 1996 through the efforts of Nigeria’s National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) Scheme. Though modeled after the NYSC, it has ventured into things NYSC has not. One of these was its most recent partnership with the IOM to curb recurrent illicit migration of The Gambian youths. The questions are, has this aspect of Nigeria-The Gambia history been documented? Has Nigerian Scheme gone into partnership with the IOM in the enterprise like The Gambian counterpart? Since its establishment, how many times has NYSC adjusted to changing realities? In what theoretical contexts could one frame the argument of the NYSS/ IOM partnership and what lessons does that holds for NYSC and similar youths’ services in Africa in the century? In addressing the problem, the paper adopts the qualitative method of historical research and gleans on evidence from diverse sources. It foregrounds its argument on the ideas of the National Youth Service as “Moral Equivalent of War”, “Service- Learning” and “A Way of Strengthening Ties among the People of the World” espoused by William James, John Dewey, and Rosenstock-Huessy. It concludes by charging NYSC and similar services to adjust to meet the current challenges of African youth and society
We build a machine learning model that is able to detect abnormalities in X-ray images. We use the MURA dataset released by Stanford University in 2017 to train and evaluate our model. The dataset contains a total of 14,656 multi-view X-ray studies labeled as either normal or abnormal by professional radiologists. We train a binary Convolutional Neural Network classifier on this dataset and employ Class Activation Mappings to localize the abnormality on the X-ray image if found. Our model, an ensemble of DenseNet169 and ResNet50, obtains an accuracy of 0.844 and an AUROC of 0.836 on the test set. In this paper, we describe the methodologies that we used to train and evaluate the model and to extend the classifier into a detector