EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY-BASED MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR TENSION TYPE HEADACHE

Background of the Study: Multiple Physical Therapy approaches have recently been developed and reported in the literature for providing better results in the treatment regimens of tension-type headaches. The advancement in the field of Physical therapy towards the treatment approaches of tension-type headaches has become the driving force for writing this article. Methodology: Studies comparing the effects of physical therapy management with conventional treatment approaches are included in the meta-analysis. PRISMA guidelines were used for performing the qualitative analysis and assessment of risk of biases. Results: According to the findings of nine randomized controlled trials, the analysis of the results had revealed that physical therapy intervention demonstrated a significant improvement in reducing headache severity. In a random effect model, the pool effects of physical therapy strategies in terms of Standardized Mean Difference had an impact of 1.41, which according to a Cohen rule of thumb displays a larger effect of physical therapy management in significant decrease in pain intensity among tension-type headache patients Conclusion: The study has concluded that physical therapy-based management strategies as provided in several RCTs analyzed in this review article revealed a pool effect of moderate size in managing the frequency of pain and a larger effect size in managing pain intensity and duration. Further, it was concluded that tension-type headaches can be effectively managed through physical therapy-based approaches.

Sino-Indian Quest for Hegemony in South Asia: Implications for Pakistan

The South Asian region attains great importance due to its strategic location and its close vicinity to the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf. China and India are major countries of this region with conflicting aspirations and incompatible goals. China has had differences with India on border issues and considers it as a potential adversary in her struggle for security, power, status and influence in the region. China has attained triumph in economic field and its GDP overstepped Japan, Germany and UK. It is becoming a significant part of the economic life for most states of the world. Moreover, China’s economic potency enabled it to connect to international economic structure, initiate relationships and established institutions which will potentially lead to a more China centric world economic order. In the military field, it holds advance military and strategic nuclear force and is making efforts to further advance and modernize these assets. India is making efforts for strengthening its economy and sophisticating its weaponry, but it is far behind China in many fields. Moreover, both countries are using various tools for expanding their power and influence in the region. However, this contest between the two South Asian giants offers many opportunities and present various challenges for Pakistan. The Pak-China alliance facilitates Pakistan to achieve economic development, to advance its military capabilities and to raise its dignity at the regional and global level. Moreover, strong Pak-China bonds will enable Beijing to limit India’s desire to rise as a regional giant, to increase her position against India and to counterbalance the Indo-US strategic partnership.