Studies on evaluating the potential of boron application in improving the performance of water saving rice cultivation were conducted in the Seed Science Laboratory, net house and Agronomic Research Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. In the lab and net house studies, rate of boron application as seed priming, foliar treatments, seed coating and soil application was optimized to improve the performance of rice cultivars Super basmati and Shaheen basmati following completely randomized design in factorial arrangement with five replications. In the field study, experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having net plot size of 8 m x 2.2 m with three replications. Seed priming in 0.001 and 0.01% B solutions improved the time to 50% germination, germination energy, final germination percentage, mean germination time and germination index, leaf emergence and elongation and tiller appearance. Leaf chlorophyll contents were significantly improved by boron especially with 0.001% concentration. Similarly, water relations and different yield contributes of rice cultivars were also improved by boron priming. Boron seed coating also improved the leaf emergence and elongation, and tillering in both rice cultivars. Leaf chlorophyll contents were significantly improved by boron seed coating. Similarly, water relations, growth and yield contributing parameters of rice cultivars were also improved by seed coating with 2-3 g boron kg-1 seed. Soil and foliar applied boron also improved the growth, leaf elongation, tillering, leaf chlorophyll contents, water relations and yield related traits of both rice cultivars. However, soil application at 1 kg ha-1 and foliar application of 0.75 M boron were more effective. Pre-optimized boron treatments, including priming with 0.001% boron, soil application at 1 kg ha-1 and foliar application of 0.75 M boron solution, were applied to rice crop raised by conventional flooding, aerobic culture and alternate wetting and drying. Boron application methods improved water relations, chlorophyll pigments, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, different growth and yield related traits of both rice cultivars. Boron application also accelerated the phonological events of both rice cultivars. In addition to improvement in growth and yield, boron application also improved the kernel quality of tested rice cultivars. Normal kernels, kernel length and kernel water absorption ratio were improved by boron application. Similarly boron application substantially enhanced the net benefits and marginal rate of return. Boron application methods improved the efficiency of different production systems, however, soil application in flooded rice, foliar application in alternate wetting and drying and seed priming with boron were more effective.
پرنس کائتانی ؍ پروفیسر گویدی ؍ پروفیسر اسنوک ہرخردنئے امسال مرحوم مارما ڈیوک پکتھال کے علاوہ ن کو ہم سب جانتے تھے، کئی نامور مستشرقین نے وفات پائی، اٹلی کے پرنس کائتانی اور پروفیسر گویدی اور لائڈن کے پروفیسر اسنوک ہر خردنئے نے امسال ہماری دنیا کو الوداع کیا، پرنس کائتانی تاریخ اسلام کے عالم اور گویدی عربوں کے ریاضیات اور جغرافیہ کے ماہر اور اسنوک ہر خردنئے ’محمڈنزم‘ نامی کتاب کے مصنف ہیں جس کو انھوں نے خطبہ کی صورت میں امریکہ کی ’’مجلسِ تاریخِ مذاہب‘‘ میں پیش کیا تھا اور بھی دوسری کتابیں اور مضامین ان کے قلم سے نکلے تھے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۳۶ء)
Man is noblest creation in the universe. Prophets are the most honorable men among of all the human being. Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) is most exalted in all prophets. Those who saw the countenance in belief get the blessing from the highest status. There are eleven virtuous wives of the Prophet (S.A.W) to be the mother of whole Umma e Muslim. One of them is Hazrat Ramla (R.A), daughter of Hazrat Abu Sufyan (R.A). She is known as Umme Habiba. As a Makah’s Chief daughter she enjoys every facility. After embracing Islam she showed stead fastness and consistency in Islam. Because her first husband was Christian but she protects her faith, notions and honor. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) give her honor for sending marriage proposal. The Negus recited the word of nikah of all the virtuous and chaste wives of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). Hazrat Umm e Habeeba (R.A) was the greatest preacher and supporter of Islam. She was always ready and assiduous to follow the teachings of Islam; and she understand it her obligation to follow the tradition of Hadith. There are sixty five traditions attributed to her in the primary sources of Hadith, which have fundamental status on different topics. In the mentioned article, the investigatory and factual study of her conditions and services has been offered and displayed
The cross section measurements of a single top quark in association with a Z boson using proton-proton collision data collected by CMS experiment are reported in this thesis. The measurements are performed by analyzing integrated luminosities of 19.7 fb1 and 35.9 fb1 which were collected at 8 TeV and 13 TeV. The measurement are performed within the standard model framework where top quark is produced via the t-channel process. The measurements in three lepton final state, where the W boson from the top quark and the Z boson decay into either electrons or muons, resulting in four possible lepton combinations namely eee, eeµ, µµe, µµµ, are discussed. The final state electrons or muons can also come from from leptonic ⌧ decays, as they are not specifically excluded. The main sources of background to the tZq process are t¯ t production, diboson production (WZ, ZZ), ttV (V = W or Z) and Drell-Yan (DY) production. A simple cut and count technique is used for the cross section measurement. For theps = 8 TeV measurement, a one bin likelihood fit is performed to event yields in each four lepton channels and to the combined channel. The cross section for the combined channel is measured to be (t`+`q) = 18+11 9 (stat)+4 4(syst) fb, where ` stands for electrons, muons and ⌧ leptons, with an observed (expected) significance of 1.81 (0.81) standard deviations. The measured value is compatible with the NLO standard model prediction of 8.2 fb with a theoretical uncertainty of less than 10%. For the second cross section measurement at 13TeV, the signal is extracted by performing a simultaneous binned likelihood fit to yields in the signal and the background enriched control regions. The cross section for the combined channel is measured to be (t`+`q) = 156+47 42(stat)+40 34(syst) fb, which is compatible with the NLO standard model prediction of 94.2 ± 3.1 fb. The measurement is found to be in agreement with the standard model with an observed (expected) significance of 2.81(1.95) standard deviations.