Home > Influence of Exogenous Appl Icat Ion of Sal Icyl Ic Acid on Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Sunflower Hel Ianthus Annuus L. under Sal Inity Stress
Influence of Exogenous Appl Icat Ion of Sal Icyl Ic Acid on Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Sunflower Hel Ianthus Annuus L. under Sal Inity Stress
To examine whether salicylic acid (SA) can mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress on vegetative and reproductive development in sunflower, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. The treatments consisted of two sunflower lines (Hysun-33 and SF-187), two salt levels (0 mM and 120 mM NaCl), three doses of salicylic acid (0, 100, 200, and 300 mgL -1 ) and four replicates arranged in a completely randomized design. Varying NaCl levels were raised at day 19 and SA was applied foliarly at day 24 after sowing. The growth and development of the sunflower lines was significantly affected under salinity stress. However, foliar spray of 200 mg L -1 of SA resulted in improved growth and achene yield. In addition, salt-induced reduction in achene yield and improvement in achene yield with SA application in both sunflower lines was found to be attributable to alteration in the size of both achene and capitulum. Photosynthetic rate of both lines increased due to foliar applied SA both under normal and salt regimes, specifically in line SF-187. Moreover, net CO 2 assimilation rate was enhanced by 200 mg L -1 SA applied exogenously under salt treatment, which was positively associated with SA-induced increase in growth and yield. However, SA-induced changes in photosynthesis were not associated with stomatal conductance, but partially associated with photosynthetic pigments. Salt stress up-regulated the activities of leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in both sunflower lines. The SOD and POD activities were further improved both in stressed and non-stressed plants due to applied 1SA. However, the activity of leaf CAT was found to be unaffected due to SA applied exogenously. specifically being prominent in SF-187. In addition, SA-induced improvement in growth and photosynthetic performance in both lines was probably due to up-regulation in peroxidase activity caused by SA. Exogenously applied SA restricted the sunflower lines to absorb higher quantity of Na + in their leaf tissues under saline conditions. The foliar applied SA induced both sunflower lines to absorb higher quantity of Ca 2+ in their leaves and roots, notwithstanding, K + accumulation remained almost un- affected under salt stress. In addition, SA application also caused accumulation of high amount of proline by the plants of both sunflower lines grown under saline substrate. Salt stress considerably reduced both achene oil quantity and quality of both sunflower lines. Contrarily, foliar applied SA caused improvement in achene oil percentage as well as quality of achene oil in terms of linolenic acid in both sunflower lines. Exogenous application of SA did not alter palmitic acid, stearic acid or oleic acid. Overall, salt tolerance in sunflower could be improved by foliar application of SA.
صبحِ قفس کا جمالیاتی پہلو سر زمین پاک پتن کی عظمت ورفعت کے سے کیسے انکار ہو سکتا ہے۔ یہی وہ مخزن ومعدن تصوف ہے جس میں پائے جانے والے لعل وگہر کسی کو مفلوک الحال یا تشنہ لب نہیں رہنے دیتے۔ فیوض وبرکات سے مالامال اس خطہ تحریم سے محبت کرنے والا کبھی کسی احساس محرومی کاشکار نہیں رہ سکتا۔ خواہ وہ اس سے ہزاروں میل دور ہی کیوں نہ ہو مگر جو سعادت منداپنے صبح و مسا دامن حضرت گنج شکرؒ کے ساتھ وابستگی میں گزاررہا ہو یقینا اس کا طائر تخیل اوج سماء کی جانب ہر وقت محو پرواز رہتا ہے۔ تائب نظامی انھی خوش مقدر لوگوں میں شمار ہوتے ہیں جو ہر لمحہ مزار گنج شکرؒ کی تابش سے اپنے دل ونگاہ کو منور کیے ہوئے ہیں اور پھر خوش قسمتی سے اگر انسان شاعر اور ادیب بھی ہو تو یہاں قیام کا لطف دوآتشہ بلکہ سہ آتشہ ہو جاتا ہے۔ میں دل کی گہرائیوں سے یہ محسوس کرتا ہوں کہ صاحب مزارؒ کے تلطف اور نوازش سے تائب نظامی کے شعری وادبی حوصلوں کو نیاولولہ اور عزائم کو تخلیق کے نئے اُفق عطا ہوتے ہیں۔ صبحِ قفس’’عروض‘‘ کی ایک ایسی دلآویز ہے جو ’’گلہائے رنگارنگ سے ہے زینت چمن‘‘ کا دل پذیر منظر پیش کر رہی ہے۔ میں اس حقیقت کا اظہار کسی تصنع یاریا کے بغیر کر رہا ہوں کہ قدرتِ کاملہ نے اس ’’تلمیذخاص‘‘ کو ردیف قافیہ ، اوزان و بحور اور بندش الفاظ پر جو دسترس عطا کر رکھی ہے اس کی داد میرے امکان میں نہیں۔ غزلیات پر مشتمل صبح قفس کا آغاز حسب روایت حمدو نعت سے ہوتا ہے۔ شاعر ان اصناف کی نزاکتوں سے کماحقہ آگاہ ہیں۔ وہ حمد و نعت کی گہرائی وگیرائی سے اچھی طرح شناسا ہیں۔ حمد کا ایک شعر الوہیت رب...
This paper describes that if we want to know about poetry we must understand that out of context we can never arrive at our destination. The Qur‘ān should be read and understood in totality of its message and spirit. Its verses are local and universal. Some verses are in local environments but leave universal and external message. The verses of Sūrah Yāsīn and Sūrah Najm related to poetry clearly exhibit the truth that God rejected the claim of the infidels who regarded the Qur‘ān as the book of poetry and Prophet Muhammad as a poet. It is an apt reply to the infidels that Qur‘ān is a message of God with a serious mission and motto. The Holy prophet used to ask people to recite the Holy poetry of Abu ║ālib. ╓assān bin thābit used to recite ‘Nāt’ in the presence of the Prophet. They enhanced the divine mission of the prophets through their facile pen and noble spirit. Hence in the light of above brief dissertation we can profess that Islam does not oppose poetry if it is written on didactic and divine lines.
The word "Sofia" is plural of word "Sufi". Sufi means, a man who uses a simple dress and he is an emblem
of simplicity, contentment. He avoids all kinds of useless activities. Sufies, lead their lives according to the
teachings of Islam. These poius personalities worked in the Sub-continent for advancement, development
and glory of Islam. The field which gives us the knowledge about the lives of sufies is called Mysticism. So
In this thesis, general introduction of Mysticism, its meaning in light of Quran-o-Hadith, information and
teachings of Naqshbandia, Qadria, Chishtia, Sohrwardia will be discussed proving that their teachings
were not other than islamic Shariah.
The sufies and their companions acted upon the teachings of Islam and also preached them to public.
They worked to abolish all customs, traditions and practices against the Islam. They laid down the
foundation of an islamic society in which there will be no place for Terrorism, Sectarsim, Dishonesty,
Societal Partiality, Narcotics and all other losable activities. The lessons of these sufies were to construct
the society with Unity, Brotherhood, Modesty, Public Service, Patience, Prayer, Humbleness, Learning of
Education, Good dealings with others and Charity. Major problems faced to islamic society presently and
their solutions in the light of Sufies's teachings will be described.