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Influence of Packaging Materials and Storage Conditions on the Quality Attributes of Potato Solanum Tuberosum L. Tubers

Thesis Info

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Author

Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi

Program

PhD

Institute

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

City

Rawalpindi

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2715/1/2646S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726460198

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Agro ecological diversity and favorable environment have enabled Pakistan to harvest bulk of potato crop however facing problems of poor post harvest management practices and unavailability of superior raw material for the potato processing industry. A comprehensive study was planned to identify best packaging material and appropriate storage conditions for the premium potato variety. The present study has been divided in to three different phase to address specific objectives. The first phase of study encompasses physico-chemical, functional and processing attributes in prominent potato varieties. The selected variety was subjected to different post harvest storage conditions along with their processing parameters analysis in second phase of the study. The last phase of study evaluated the storage stability of premium variety under best results identified in the second phase. In the first phase of study, physical attributes (tuber size, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, firmness, specific gravity, total soluble solids, pH, sprouting %, tuber color) Chemical attributes (dry matter, starch, protein, fat, sugar, fibre, ash and predominant minerals) functional attributes (ascorbic acids, glycoalkaloids, total phenolic contents, radical scavenging activity) and processing performance (chip moisture contents, fat absorption, color and sensorial attributes) were evaluated in ten commercial varieties i.e. Agria, Atlantic, Cardinal, Chipsona, Courage, Desi, Desiree, Hermes, Lady Rosetta, and Satellite. In general Lady Rosetta followed by Hermes was the most appreciable variety regarding their physical attributes. Lady Rosetta followed by Atlantic attained maximum dry matter and starch contents. Least sugar contents were recorded in Agria and maximum fat and protein contents were quantified in Desiree. In general; functional attributes were found maximum in Desi followed by Desiree. A promising correlation was estimated between most of these parameters with distinctive correlation (R=0.903) identified between total phenolic contents and radical scavenging activity. Post processing parameters like moisture contents, fat absorption, and sensory evaluation in Lady Rosetta showed its preference over all other varieties followed by Hermes. In the second phase variety” Lady Rosetta” was evaluated under different storage conditions 1 2 (packaging, light, temperature, and anti sprouting agents) on the basis of transition in their quality attributes (reported in 1st phase) and enzymatic (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase) activities. Potatoes were stored under different packaging materials (jute, nylon, polypropylene, cotton, low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene) at ambient temperature (25±2oC). Results revealed that polypropylene packaging and low density polyethylene packaging were found best and maintained tubers quality attributes up to 63 days, while other packaging materials were also found effective as compare to control. Thirty days storage of tubers under different illuminations (blue, fluorescent, green, mercury, red, dark) at ambient temperature (25 ±2oC) was carried out. Potato tubers kept under dark presented minimum loss of quality parameters however green and mercury lights posed best storage performance over all other illuminations during one month. Tubers were found highly susceptible to fluorescent light with poor processing attributes were recorded in red and blue light exposures. Results under comparative temperature regimes (5, 15 and 25oC) showed maximum storage stability up to 126 days under 5oC, however associated with low enzyme activity, elevated sugars contents in tubers and poor processing performances in fried chips. Exposing tubers to different anti sprouting agents (hot water treatment, spearmint oil, clove oil, CIPC) showed that CIPC and Clove oils applications were found significant in preventing tuber sprouting at the end of 80 days storage. In general, both retained superior tuber characters with remarkable processing characters during the storage period. Tuber dormancy was ensured under both treatments till the end at ambient temperature (25 ± 2oC) storage. In the last phase integrated post harvest management of potato variety “Lady Rosetta” on the basis of best results identified in second phase ensured tuber dormancy and prolonged storage life up to 180 days with appreciable retention of tuber quality attributes and superior processing performance as compare to 100% sprouting observed in control on the 80th day of storage. Coating of potato chips with 20% aloe vera gel presented best results with reduced fat uptake along with appreciable sensorial scores.
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مالک رام

ذکر مالک رام
اردو کے مشہور عالم و فاضل، نامور محقق و مصنف اور غالب و ابوالکلام کے عارف و شیدائی جناب مالک رام کی وفات پر پوری اردو دنیا سوگوار اور اشکبار ہے، ان سے راقم کے جو گہرے اور مخلصانہ تعلقات تھے اس کی بنا پر اس کے لیے بھی ان کی جدائی بہت شاق ہے۔
وہ پھالیہ ضلع گجرات میں جواب مغربی پنجاب (پاکستان) کا حصہ ہے، ۲۲؍ دسمبر ۱۹۰۶؁ء کو بویجہ کھتریوں کے ایک خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے ، ان کے والد لالہ نہال چند فوج کے محکمہ سپلائی میں ملازم تھے، لیکن مالک رام ابھی بارہ دن ہی کے تھے کہ والد کے سایہ شفقت سے محروم ہوگئے، والدہ نے پرورش و پرداخت کی، چار برس کی عمر سے تعلیمی سلسلہ شروع ہوا جو ایم۔ اے اور ایل ایل بی کرنے کے بعد ۱۹۳۳؁ء میں منقطع ہوا، اس سے قبل ۱۹۳۱؁ء میں ان کی شادی ہوگئی تھی۔
مضمون نگاری اور رسالوں کے مطالعہ کا چسکہ بچپن سے تھا، ابتدا میں شعر و شاعری سے بھی کچھ دلچسپی رہی، ان کا پہلا باقاعدہ مضمون نیرنگ خیال لاہور میں چھپا، یہ ٹیگور کی گیتا نجلی کے بعض ٹکڑوں کا ترجمہ تھا، اس کے بعد ۱۹۲۶؁ء کے نگار میں ’’ذوق اور غالب‘‘ کے عنوان سے ان کا مضمون شایع ہوا جس میں آگے چل کر ماہر غالبیات ہونے والے نے غالبؔ پر ذوقؔ کو ترجیح دی تھی، لوہر میں قیام کی بنا پر نیرنگ خیال کے مدیر حکیم محمد یوسف حسین سے مالک رام کے تعلقات ہوگئے تھے، ۱۹۳۰؁ء میں ان کی خواہش پر ساٹھ روپے ماہوار پر نیرنگ خیال کی مجلس ادارت میں شامل ہوگئے، پھر لاہور ہی سے شائع ہونے والے ’’آریہ گزٹ‘‘ سے متعلق ہوئے، اس سے علیحدگی کے بعد ۱۹۳۶؁ء میں روزنامہ ’’بھارت ماتا‘‘ سے منسلک ہوئے، یہ...

اقتصادی بحران اور ہنگامی صورتحال پر قابو پانے کیلئے سیدنا عمر کے اقدامات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Hazrat Abdul Rehman (may Allah be pleased with him) belonged to Arab tribe of Quraish and was a close relative of Mohammad (peace be upon him). At the time of conquest of Makkah He (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the circle of Islam. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the companions of Muhammad (may Allah be pleased with him) who came to sub-continent specially Balochistan in order to preach for Islam and Jihad during the Khilafat of orthodox caliphs. He (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Balochistan twice for Jihad and conquests first during the Khilafat of Hazrat Usman (may Allah be pleased with him) and second time in the early era of Hazrat Muawia (may Allah be pleased with him). He (may Allah be pleased with him) played a vital role in the wars of Balochistan. He (may Allah be pleased with him) established Zehri his abode and capital after conquering Kalat, Khuazdar (Sajistan), Kachi, Gandhava, and Chaghi, and from here he expanded the series of his conquests till Kabul and Qandar. Besides this, he included many areas of sub-continent in the Islamic empire of conquered areas. His (may Allah be pleased with him) life is consists of great chapters of sincerity in deeds. Wisdom and valor, determination fearlessness, strife, hospitality, simplicity and patience. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the great generals of Islam had the honour to have carried the message of Holy faith in every corner of Balochistan in tough and unfavorable conditions and planted the flag of Islam in Balochistan forever.  

Export Distribution, Competitiveness and Economic Growth of Pakistan

Diversification of exports is one of major concerns of developing countries’ trade policy. There are number of studies which suggest for diversification of export for sustainable exports growth and consequently for economic development. It is evident from various studies that export diversification is changed with the level of development. Least Developed countries have lesser diversification and their exports gradually become more diversified as their development level increased. This trend continues to a certain development level and countries specialized in selected manufacturing industries and finally at higher national income level their diversification level decreased. Pakistan is a developing country and follows the same trend of export diversification with comparatively lower speed. This thesis has analyzed the relationship between GDP and export diversification. The level of diversification is measured through various indices, but for empirical analysis the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is used to measure the product as well as geographical export diversification. The result shows a long run relationship between GDP and product export diversification, while the relationship with geographical export diversification shows no significant long run relationship with GDP. It is therefore concluded that the government policy of geographical export diversification, which is implemented through various trade agreement, is not giving the desired results. This phenomenon also confirmed by using the gravity model. The dummy variable on trade agreements and European Union’s unilateral preferential market access were found to be insignificant. The gravity model has shown a positive and significant relationship of exports and distance, which is contrary to gravity theory. The analysis further confirmed domestic credit, government expenditure on human capital and terms of trade as determinants of product export diversification. While variables such as openness, exchange rate, terms of trade and human capital are determinants of geographical export diversification. These results suggest for a product export diversification focused policy for Pakistan. This thesis has also analyzed Pakistan’s competitiveness in light of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). This index is created by World Economic Forum, and the data are released annually. Though Pakistan’s rank in GCI is very low, but our comparative analysis confined the South Asian countries which fall in stage-1 of development. The GCI has 12 pillars on the basis of which competitiveness ranks are determined. For the countries on stage-1 developmental level 60% weights are assigned to first four pillars of the GCI. It was found that majority of the variables used for measuring the competitiveness level come from opinion surveys. Therefore various empirical studies have not shown the relationship between higher GCI rank and economic growth. The correlation coefficient between export diversification and GCI for the countries on stage-1 shows a moderate relationship. Such diverse estimation shows that the economic analysis with GCI is useless. Empirical studies have argued that the measurement through opinion survey is useless.