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Home > Inheritance and Genetic Variability of Wheat Germplasm Triticum Aestivum L. of Nwfp, Pakistan Determind by Morphological Traits and Biochemical Markers.

Inheritance and Genetic Variability of Wheat Germplasm Triticum Aestivum L. of Nwfp, Pakistan Determind by Morphological Traits and Biochemical Markers.

Thesis Info

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Author

Khan, Muhammad Mohibullah

Program

PhD

Institute

Gomal University

City

Dera Ismail Khan

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Natural Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/152/1/54S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726467172

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm of one hundred accessions were evaluated for days to emergence, days to heading, days to maturity, number of tillers plant-1, Plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of spikelets spike-1, grain yield plant-1(gm), 1000-grain weight (gm) and Yield (Kg ha-1). Mean, range, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were computed for each quantitative trait to estimate the extent of genetic diversity present in the local wheat germplasm. Corelation coefficient, cluster and Principal component analysis were carried out. The whole set of germplasm was subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis to investigate genetic variation for high HMW glutenin subunits. To study the genetic variability of one hundred wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) entries, an experiment was conducted during the growing season 2004-2005 in augmented field design at research area of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, Pakistan. All the germplasm was evaluated and characterized for the traits days to emergence, days to heading, days to maturity, number of tillers plant-1, Plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of spikelets spike-1, grain yield plant-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield (kg ha-1). Genetic diversity was found satisfactory for all the traits. Variation was statistically found for all the parameters. Days to emergence varied from 7.10 to 20.10 days having 24.03% coefficient of variation. Days to heading ranged from 79.15 [PARC/NIAR 00203 (05)] to 130.25 [PARC/MAFF 004271 (01)] days with coefficient of variation 9.35 %. Minimum days to maturity (136) were taken by the entry PARC/NIAR 00203 (05) while the maximum days to maturity (193) were taken by PARC/MAFF 004271 (01). The entry PARC/NIAR 002809 (01) produced maximum number of tillers plant-1. PARC/NIAR 00203 (05) has a maximum plant height (125.6 cm), while the entry PARC/MAFF 004270 (03) had the shortest plant height of (53.2 cm). Days to emergence have positively significant correlation with number of tillers plant-1 while, negatively significant correlation with days to maturity. Days to heading have a significant and positive correlation with days to maturity. Days to maturity have negative correlation with plant height and number of tillers plant-1. Plant height has a significant correlation with number of tillers plant-1. The frequency distribution shows that spike length ranged from 6.2 to 22.1 (cm). Variability was observed among the accessions for spike length (cm), which varied from 6.50 to 21.90 (cm) with mean value of 12.23 ± 2.28 (cm) and coefficient of variation for this parameter was 18.63 %. The results of formal analysis revealed that distant variability in spikelets spike-1 was detected which ranged from 8.50 to 29.80 numbers of spikelets spike-1 with the mean value of 16.35 ± 3.00 and coefficient of variation is 8.32%. The frequency distribution for number of spikelets spike-1 showed the variability from 7.1 to 31.00. The variation for grain yield plant-1 ranged from 1.26 to 4.58 (g) with mean value of 2.36 ± 0.52 and coefficient of variation 21.89 %. Frequency distribution for grain yield plan-1 ranged from 1.26 to 3.32 (g). 1000- grain weight (g) varied from 15.74 to 46.65 (g) with the mean value of 34.20 ± 8.05 and coefficient of variation for this parameter was 23.55%. The frequency distribution for 1000-grain weight (g) ranged from 15.20 to 47.19 (g). The variation for grain yield (kg ha-1) ranged from 2610 to 5058 (kg ha-1) with mean value of 4165 ± 504.45 (kg ha- 1 ) and coefficient of variation for this character was 12.11%. Frequency distribution for grain yield (kg ha-1) ranged from 2610 to 5065.9 (kg ha-1). Spike length revealed significant and highly positively correlation with number of spikelets spike-1 (r = 0.20), grain yields plant-1 (r = 0.16) and grain yield (kg ha-1) (r = 0.18), while this trait has negative correlation with 1000-grain weight (r = -0.02). Highly significant and positive correlation was reviewed in number of spikelets spike-1 with grain yield plant- 1 (r = 0.49) and grain yield (kg ha-1) (r = 0.34). While positive correlation of this trait was noted with 1000-grain weight (r = 0.02). Grain yield plant-1 had highly significant positive correlation with 1000-grain weight (r = 0.30) and grain yield (kg ha-1) (r = 0.62). Highly significant positive correlation was observed of 1000-grain weight with grain yield (kg ha-1) (r = 0.44). The clustering of accessions on the basis of morphological similarities grouped the accessions into fifteen and thirteen clusters for the year 2005 and 2006 respectively. Whereas a scatter diagram on the basis of altitude and latitude shows that accessions collected from 1200 ~ 2000masl and 30oَ 39 to 34oَ 40N latitude have more morphological similarities than with the other group. The principal component having greater than 1 eigenvalue contributed more than 61.62% genetic variation among wheat accessions. The contribution of genetic diversity by first three PCs was above 51.65% as compared to PCs of the total accessions during both the years. The PC1 accounted for 25.62% variation and was positively associated with majority of the traits. The character, which contributed more positively to PC1, was days to maturity. A considerable variation in total 12 different HMW glutenin subunit compositions was found. The frequency of 7+8 and 2+12 was the highest in the entire set of germplasm. During the present investigation fifteen accessions (PARC/MAFF 4272 (01), PARC/MAFF 4269 (01) PARC/MAFF 4358 (01), PARC/MAFF 4355 (02), PARC/JICA 3835 (05), PARC/MAFF 4358 (03), PARC/MAFF 4292 (01), PARC/MAFF 4354 (02) PARC/MAFF 4354 (01), PARC/MAFF 4264 (03), PARC/MAFF 4280 (03) PARC/MAFF 4269 (02), PARC/MAFF 4279 (01), PARC/MAFF 4277 (01), PARC/MAFF 4277 (02)) possessing 5+10 allele, which is a known source for good bread making quality, have been identified. According to experiment the research material containing four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties i.e. Bhakker-2002, Takbeer, BWP-2000 and Uqab-2000 with twelve hybrids each of F1 and F2 generations were analyzed in a randamize complete block design to observe the genetic analysis, genetic advance, combining ability, heritability and heterotic effects for different quantitative and qualitative parameters. The cultivars were crossed in a complete diallel fashion according to Hayman’s diallel analysis and Griffing’s approach for identification of useful recombination’s in segregating generations which could be used in any hybridization program. The adequacy of additive-dominance was proved by Hayman Jinks modle, which proved that the modle was adequate for all the parameters in F1 and F2 generations.The parents along with hybrids indicates significant differences for maximum parameters presenting the genetic segregation. In F1 generation, the additive and dominant variances were found significant for all the parameters, except 1000-grain weight. While the parameters i.e. days to to heading, spikelets spike-1 and 1000-grain weight indicates non significant values for dominant components. In F2 generation among all the parameters only four parameters i.e. days to heading, days to maturity, plant height and 1000-grain weight were found to be non significant for additive variance. The dominant variance was non significant for all the parameters, except spike length in F2 generation. Hence it was proved that majority of the parameters both in F1 and F2 generations were governed by additive type of gene action. While degree of dominance also proved by the results of F2 generation values which were found lower than F1 generation values. Broad sense and narrow sense heritability along with genetic advance was also noted both in F1 and F2 generations for qualitative and quantitative parameters indicating the importance of genetic variance. On the basis of experimental research work it is cleared that the hybrids showing significance for all the parameters indicating the genetic divergence of the parents used in the wheat breeding program. Acocording to general combining ability, specific combining ability and reciprocal effects in F1 and F2 generations revealed significant for all the parameters, except number of spikelets spike-1 which was non significant for general combining ability and of number of tillers plant-1, spike length, spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1 and grain yield plant-1 were non significant for specific combing abilty in F1 generation. The combining ability analysis indicates that maximum parameters were governed by partial dominance with additive gene action in F1 and F2 generations. However, maximum hybrids proved as best general combiner. Therefore it was cleared that comparatively low and high valus of the parents performed best in specific combinig ability determination. Acoording to hetrotic analysis it was cleared that heterosis over mid parenta was much pronounced than heterosis over batter parents in F1 generation and along with inbreeding depression in F2 generation. On the basis of research findings due to additive gene effect, dominance gene effect, specific gene effect, maternal effect, genetic advance, broad sense heritability, narrow sense heritability, general combining ability, specific combining ability and hetrotic analysis with inbreeding depression, it was cleared that among all the hybrids only the hybrids Takbeer x Uqab-2000, Bhakker-2002 x BWP-2000 and Bhakker- 2002 x Uqab-2000 were found best potential with all the desirable parameters for further wheat breeding program under different agro-climaticconditions in the area of Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, Pakistan for general cultivation." xml:lang="en_US
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پروفیسر لیفر سڈگ

پروفیسر لیفر سڈگ
پروفیسر لیفر سڈگ سابق پروفیسر کیمیا سڈنی یونیورسٹی آسٹریلیا نے تھوڑے دن ہوئے کہ وفات پائی، اور مرنے کے بعد ۴۶ ہزار گنی کی گراں قدر رقم چھوڑ گئے اور یہ ساری رقم وصیت کے ذریعہ سے رفاہِ عام کے مختلف کاموں کے لئے وقف کرگئے جس کی تفصیل یہ ہے، ۲۵۰۰ گنی خاص شہر سڈنی کے لئے جس کے نفع سے دو علمی انعام دیئے جائیں گے، ۱۵۰۰ کیمبرج یونیورسٹی کے مسیحی کالج کے لیے، ۱۰۰۰ گنی معدنیات ملکی کے مدرسہ کے لیے ، ۵۰۰ گنی نیوسوٹ ویلز کی ملکی انجمن کے لئے اس طریقہ سے ساری دولت آسٹریلیا کی مختلف انجمنوں اور لندن کی کیمیاوی انجمن کو دے دی۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اپریل ۱۹۲۸ء)

قیام امن کے لئےخواجہ عبید اللہ ملتانی کے صوفیانہ اسلوب تبلیغ کی عصری معنویت: تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Khawājah Obāidullah Multānī’s Mystical Pattern of Preaching in Establishing Peace and Harmony and Its Contemporary Meaningfulness: An Analytical Study A Sufi, literally practically in denotation and connotation is such a figure whose heart is naturally and habitually free of pollution of pride, prejudice, sectarianism, ethnicity, linguicism, and hatred for animate and inanimate things on any ground. This purity of sentiments and sanctity of thoughts of Sufis of Islam have always influenced not only the morality of the Muslims but also attracted the people of anti-Islamic faiths. Human history in general and Islamic history, in particular, is replete with such instances as prove that where logistics and warring tactics of the Muslims failed to produce any positive and healthy effects, these were the unseen swords of Sufis' unmatched conduct and exceedingly supreme love for humanity which bore results of ever-lasting magnitude. Due to the safe and unbiased style of the preaching of Sufis of Islam, foes became friends, twisted pathways became straight high ways of peace and prosperity, the grieved became happy, the downtrodden became the champions and the rejected ones became the accepted ones. Sufis have always been the torchlight and beacon-house equally for the believers and the non-believers. Sufis’ preaching style has been the epitome of the style of Prophet of Islam.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Membranes for Dialysis Application

Membrane is a thin, delicate, flat sheet which acts as a barrier for selective transport of species under the impact of some driving force. Membrane technology has gained important place in industrial and medicinal field because of its easy utility, efficient performance and low cast. Hemodialysis is an extensively used medical therapy for renal failure and dialysis membranes are essential components of a hemodialysis. The essential properties of a dialysis membrane are high mass transfer of toxic solutes (urea and uric acid) to reduce the dialysis time, maximum protein rejection ability and moderate water flux. Protein adsorption or deposition on the surface or in its pores results in reduction in flux, change of selectivity of the membrane and the low toxin elimination. Polymeric membrane fabricated from cellulose, regenerated cellulose and synthetic polymers are well known for dialysis. Asymmetric Cellulose Acetate (CA) membranes were prepared through phase inversion method and they were modified by blending various organic and inorganic additives. The effects of these additives on membrane’s morphology were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Contact Angle. Fabricated membrane’s performance was studied in terms of pure water flux, porosity, water uptake, BSA rejection and urea clearance tests. Biocompatibility and blood mimic tests were conducted to find the interaction of synthesized membrane towards cell culture and blood comparable fluids. In first part, CA was blended with poly-ethylene glycol (PEG). The membranes were modified by blending CA/PEG casting solution with glycol. The modified membrane showed good selectivity for urea but was not suitable for dialysis operation. Hence, the composition was reformed using Hydroxyapatite particles (inorganic additive). The results showed enhanced BSA rejection and urea clearance but the obtained percentages were low to be utilized in dialysis. The biocompatibility outcomes of CA/PEG/HA membrane make it appropriate for other biomedical applications. In the second part, CA was blended with organic additives including sericine, Poly vinylpyrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene imine (PEI) to improve BSA rejection and Urea clearance of polymeric membrane. These membranes possess moderate pure water flux and hydrophilicity. Performance evaluation investigations confirmed that all these membranes had good pure water flux and BSA rejection above 90%. Membranes fabricated using blend of CA and PEI have highest urea clearance of 67.2%. So, this membrane was selected for further adjustment. During the last part, effect of solvent on CA/PEI dialysis membrane was investigated. Various solvents including acetic acid, formic acid, N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and 1-Methyl-2-pyrolidone (NMP) were tested. The performance efficiency of synthesized membranes verified to, when CA was blended with formic acid (F.A) have desired dialysis characteristics. It possesses moderate hydrophilicity, desired pure water flux value, optimum water uptake, above 98% BSA rejection and urea clearance percentage of 69%. The biocompatibility tests were conducted for CA/PEI/FA membrane using MTT (3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide )assay. It was found that the materials selected for this membrane fabrication were most suitable for dialysis application. Highest cell viability and cellular attachment found in biocompatibility analysis was higher in comparison with commercial dialysis tubing and non-treated control standard. CA/PEI/F.A membrane was further inspected via blood mimic solution to find the performance of membrane commensurate with blood type feed. The up short of the present work is that CA/PEI/F.A membrane is the best possible solution for dialysis. Providing new insight in the dialysis domain; this membrane is not only cost effective but also has high BSA rejection and Urea clearance. Accordingly, biocompatibility and blood mimic results prove it to be the finest device/implant for hemodialyser unit.