The present study was conducted to improve the genetic potential of sunflower related to oil and yield related traits in limited water supply. For breaking the present yield barrier and evolving varieties with high yield potential in low water availability, it is desirable to combine the genes from genetically diverse parents. Due to high heterosis occurring generally in hybrids between genetically unrelated inbred lines, all crop breeders that use heterosis have the challenge to find good combiners. The success in identifying such parents mainly depends on the gene action that controls the trait under improvement, combining ability and genetic makeup. The breeding material first screened for the water stress and then the ten tolerant line and five susceptible testers were selected. These selected parents were tested for genetic diversity by SSR primers and found two parents (A-10.8, G-60) showing 46.7% maximum genetic dissimilarity. This cross also showed positive desired heterosis over the mid for leaf area, number of achenes per head and achene yield per plant. Therefore, the lines A-10.8 and tester G-60 are best for further breeding program in the future, because these lines are more diverse. Most of the characters in the present study showed over dominance type of gene action and inbred lines are showing desirable negative and positive heterosis. Lines A-10.8, A-11 and tester G-60 followed by A-35 are showing positive heterosis for number of achene per head, 100-achene weight. A-11 and A-35 could be the potential parents for early maturity and short duration cultivar development. RL-51 and C-10 are good general combiners for oil content. While A-10.8 is consistent as good general combiner for achene yield per plant in both non-stress and stress conditions. Hybrid B-2.8 × B-3 showing desirable negative heterosis for early maturing and short duration for hybrid development. While hybrid A-10.8 × G-60 could be used as potential parents for short stature and high yielding hybrid seed development which are also proved to be genetically most dissimilar. These potential parents and outperforming crosses could be used in further breeding programs and will definitely cause a major cut to the import bill of edible oil in Pakistan. Moreover, results in non-stress and stress regime was not consistent for most of the characters which showed that breeding for drought is more reliable in the target environment. Valuable information regarding gene action, combining ability, heterosis were generated.
مولانا بدر الدین علوی افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینے مولانا بدرالدین صاحب علوی سابق استاد عربی مسلم یونیورسٹی نے وفات پائی مرحوم استاد العلماء مولانا لطف اﷲ صاحب علی گڑھی کے تلمیذ رشید اور مولانا حبیب الرحمن خاں شروانی مرحوم کے ہمدرس تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی درس و تدریس اور علم و ادب کی خدمت میں گذری مسلم یونیورسٹی سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد گھر پر عربی کے شایقین کو درس دیتے تھے، انھوں نے عرصہ ہوا المختار بن شعر بشار بن برد پر اور اس کی شرح لابی الطاہر اسمٰعیل بن احمد التجیبی بڑے اہتمام سے تصحیح و تحشیہ کے ساتھ شائع کیا اﷲ تعالیٰ اس شیدائے علم کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی،مارچ ۱۹۶۵ء)
Cards are the plastic money of current era, and Kafala by means of their warranty is little much we know about. In this article we will discuss the necessity, use and framework of Kafala for the Debit & Credit cards issued by banks and financial institutes, in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah, Ijma-e-Umma and religious researchers.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a top-quark factory, the large number of the topquarks are produced which can be used to measure various properties of the top-quark with a much higher precision. This thesis describes the single-top-quark t-channel inclusive and differential cross-section measurements in a proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV using lepton+jets in the final state. The results for the inclusive cross-section and the differential cross-section measurements are based on a data set which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb?1 recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured inclusive production cross-section of the t-channel single-top-quark is: st?ch. = 83.6 2.3 (stat.) 7.4 (syst.) pb. The measured single t and t production cross-sections in the t-channel is: st?ch.(t) = 53.8 1.5 (stat.) 4.4 (syst.) pb, st?ch.(t) = 27.6 1.3 (stat.) 3.7 (syst.) pb. The measured cross-section ratio, top-quark(t) and the anti-top-quark(t), when separated on the basis of charged lepton at p s = 8 TeV is: Rt?ch. = st?ch.(t)/st?ch.(t) = 1.95 0.10 (stat.) 0.19 (syst.), and the measurement of CKM matrix element, j fLvVtbj = 0.979 0.045 (exp.) 0.016 (theo.), comes out to be in good agreement with the standard model predictions. The single-topquark differential cross-section measurements as a function of the top-quark pT and jyj are performed. The differential cross-section measurements are essential for the comparison of the QCD predictions in the standard model. The measured normalized differential cross-sections come out to be in a remarkable agreement with the various theoretical predictions.