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Home > Insecticide Resistance Management of Tomato Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa Armigera Hübner Lepidoptera Noctuidae Heliothinae , Employing a Bio-Intensive Integrated Pest Management Strategy

Insecticide Resistance Management of Tomato Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa Armigera Hübner Lepidoptera Noctuidae Heliothinae , Employing a Bio-Intensive Integrated Pest Management Strategy

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Sajjad, Mohammad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1936

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726472738

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The study was conducted on the insecticide-resistance-management of the tomato fruit-borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), employing a bio-intensive integrated management strategy on the tomato crop during 2007 and 2008, at Faisalabad (Punjab), Pakistan. The study comprised of the following four sections: 1. 2. 3. 4. Host Plant Resistance, Role of weather factors in the population fluctuations, Contribution of physio-morphic and chemical plant-characters, in the population fluctuation of the pest, and the Bio-intensive management of H. armigera on tomato crop. Thirty two genotypes of tomato, viz., Tropic Boy, Royesta, Long Tipped, Money- Maker, Ebein, NARC-1, Roma VFN, Pant Bahr, Shalkot-96, Chico-III, Tommy, Nagina, Peelo, Pusba Rubi, Sun-6002, FS-8802, FS-8801, Tanja, Pomodoro, Rio-grande, Rockingbam, Manik, Nadir, Early Mecb, Roma Local, Big Long, Gressilesse, Pakit, Tropic, Nova Mecb, Sahil and Red Top were screened for their resistance against the tomato fruit-borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner.), during 2007. Maximum larval-population and percent infestation of the fruits were observed on Roma VFN, while these were found to be minimum on Sahil. Significant difference was observed among the genotypes, regarding the marketable fruit-yield in kg/plot. Roma VFN (a susceptible genotype), showed a minimum yield of 39.50 kg/plot; while, maximum yield of 99.56 kg/plot, was recorded on Sahil (a resistant genotype). Maximum, minimum and temperatures, each had significant and highly positive correlation with the fruit-infestation; whereas, the relative humidity showed a negative and significant correlation (P < 0.05) during the year 2008, while, during 2007, as well as on the basis of an average for both years, all the factors showed a non-significant correlation with the infestation. Various physio-morphic (hair-density and length of hair on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves, and thickness of the leaf-lamina) and chemical plant characters (Moisture, total minerals, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Fat, Crude fiber and CHO) were studied on various selected genotypes of tomato, to determine their effect on the larval- population of the fruit-borer and its infestation of fruits, during 2008. Hair-density on the upper-surface, length of hair on the upper-surface and the thickness of leaf-lamina showed a negative and significant correlation with the larval-population of tomato fruit- borer. Moisture percentage, P, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn contents exerted a positive and significant correlation with the fruit-infestation; whereas, the effect was negative and significant between the Fe-contents and fruit-infestation. Thickness of the leaf-lamina and moisture percentage in the leaves of tomato plant were the most important and contributed the maximum in the larval-population of tomato fruit-borer, i.e., 16.8 and 35.8 percent, respectively followed by the hair-density on the upper surface of the leaves and CHO with 15.9 and 10.4 percent contribution in the larval population fluctuations of the tomato fruit-borer, respectively. The study was conducted to integrate various control methods, viz., biological control (release of Chrysoperla carnea and Bracon hebetor, each @ 1 card/5-m 2 ), botanical control (spray of neem-seed kernel extract, Neemosol @ 1480 ml/ha), chemical control (spinosad, Tracer 240 SC @ 197.6 ml/ha) and entomopathogenic fungal control (Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 kg/ha) alone and in all of their possible interactions for the management of Helicoverpa armigera, on the tomato crop, during 2008. These control methods were applied three times on the tomato crop (CV Sahil), after the appearance of the pest. An Integration of B. thuringiensis + tracer + B. hebetor + neemosol and C. carnea, resulted in a maximum yield (305.92 q/ha), lowest larval population of H. armigera and minimum infestation of marketable tomato fruits caused by the pest. This treatment, as such, proved to be the best.
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فرخندہ رضوی ۔۔۔ایک تعارف

فرخندہ رضوی۔۔۔ ایک تعارف
شاعری خوشبو ہے۔شاعری مہک ہے۔ شاعری دل ناز کا ترانہ ہے۔ شاعری جذبات و احساسات اور تخیل کو لفظی پہناوا پہنا کر پیش کرنے کا نام ہے۔ شاعری ایسے طلسم کدے کا نام ہے جو زمان ومکان کی قیود سے آزاد ہوتی ہے۔ شاعری محبت کا دوسرا نام ہے شاعری جذبات کے ریلے میں بہہ جانے کا نام ہے یہ سفر رواں دواں ہے اور ہمیشہ جاری و ساری رہے گا۔
شاعری کے کئی روپ ہیں کبھی یہ غزل اور کبھی نظم کی صورت میں جلوہ گر ہوتی ہے۔ کہیں رباعی اور کہیں قصیدہ کے پہناوے میں سامنے آتی ہے۔ کبھی شعلہ بن کر اور کبھی شبنم میں ڈھل کر جلوہ نما ہوتی ہے۔ کہیں عشق و محبت کے راگ الاپتی نظر آتی ہے تو کبھی آنسوؤں کی بے بس مورت کا روپ دھار لیتی ہے۔ کہیں یہ سہمی ہوئی گھٹی چیخ توکبھی انالحق کا نعرہ بن جاتی ہے تو کبھی باضابطہ مقصدِ زندگی کا اظہار بن جاتی ہے۔
موثر اور میعاری شاعری معاشرے پر گہرے مثبت اثرات مرتب کرتی ہے ہے کسی بھی شاعر کی زندگی اس کی شاعری پر کسی نہ کسی حوالے سے ضرور اثرانداز ہوتی ہے۔ شاعر اپنی زندگی کے حالات و واقعات اور اردگرد کے ماحول سے جو کچھ حاصل کرتا ہے۔ وہی سوچیں شاعری کی بنیاد بن کر سامنے آتی ہیں۔ شاعر کے خیالات اور سوچ و بچار پر سماج،گھریلو حالات، اپنوں کے رویے، خوشی اور غم،عشق و محبت، حاصل زیست اور محرومی کے اثرات کا واضح اثر ہوتا ہے۔
جہاں تک غزل اور نظم کے معیار کی بات ہے تو اس میں اسلوب اور تخیل بہت اہمیت کے حامل ہیں۔ اس حقیقت سے کوئی انکار نہیں کرسکتا کہ شعری تخلیق کے لئے خیال ہی بنیاد ہے۔ اس حوالے سے شعر لکھنے کے لیے نہیں بلکہ شعر...

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