Sindh is the major banana growing province contributing 85% of the total banana area and production in Pakistan. Under low soil fertility and organic matter content, banana yields are low by any standard. This study evaluated the effect of organic amendments (no amendment, FYM and CPM, each at 20 t ha-1) and mineral fertilizer treatments (N, NP0.5, NP0.75, NP1.0, 1.25 NP) based on the N-P2O5-K2O rates of 500-250-500 kg ha-1. Results of this study depicted that plant growth i.e. plant girth and number of leaves plant-1 increased significantly with application of organic amendments as well as with mineral fertilizers. Similarly, both the mineral fertilizers and organic amendments were effective in significantly improving banana yield and yield parameters. Application of organic amendments produced, on an average, 19.4% increase in bunch weight, 7.7% in bunch length, 15.7% in finger length, 8.1% in finger girth, 13.1% in number of fingers bunch-1, 11.1% in number of hands bunch-1 and 22.6% in banana yield compared to the treatments not receiving any organic amendment. The FYM and CPM were equally effective in improving yield and yield parameters with slightly higher values for FYM in most cases. When applied alone, organic amendments increased banana yield by 19% over N alone treatment. In case of fertilizer application, the yield and yield contributing parameters increased with the rate of NP and further with K application, maximum yield obtained with NPK alone treatment was nearly equal to that obtained with the organic amendments alone. Under combined use of organic amendments and mineral fertilizers, highest values were obtained for almost all the yield parameters and yield. Expressed on percentage basis, banana yield increased by 59.4% with application of NPK plus FYM as compared to N alone treatment and 36.4% when compared with NPK treatment. There was no additional benefit in application of 25% more than the recommended NP (1.25 NP). Application of organic amendments significantly improved the leaf tissue NPK and micronutrient contents which remained above the critical limits of 2.6, 0.22 and 3.0 % for NPK, and 9, 80, 25 and 18 mg kg-1, for Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn. Fertilizer applicationalso improved leaf nutrient contents except where either no or low rates of P and K were applied. Among the micronutrients, Zn was the only nutrient which was below the critical limit in the treatments not receiving any organic amendment. Nutrient composition of banana fruit also improved significantly with the application of organic amendments while increasing fertilizer rates resulted in decline in micronutrient contents. The levels of Cu, Fe, and Mn were still adequate though for optimal crop nutrition while Zn contents were below optimal levels unless organic amendments were applied. Soil properties after completion of one production cycle showed significant build up with the addition of FYM and CPM in organic matter (0.59 to 1.01%) and available nutrients i.e. P (12.1 to 24.7 mg kg-1), Cu (2.02 to 3.51 mg kg-1), Fe (8.9 to 23.3 mg kg-1), Mn (8.5 to 10.5 mg kg-1), and Zn (0.61 to 1.18 mg kg-1). Overall, integrated use of NPK and FYM outperformed all other treatments and produced maximum monetary benefit.
ارادھنا (کرونا وائرس کے تناظرمیں) اے خالق عصر۔۔۔اے مالک ’’کن‘‘۔۔۔! مسجدوں کے دروازے بند ہیں مندروں میں ہُو کا عالم ہے آنسوئوں سے بھیگی صدائوں میں! قاتل ہوائوں میں! بچے گلیوں میں نکلتے نہیں۔۔۔کرفیو کا نفاذ بھی نہیں اہلِ زباں۔۔۔حسن بیاں کے پھول کھلتے نہیں اے خالق ارض و سما۔۔۔! عنکبوتی تاروں کی طرح وبا کی موجودگی میں! اسلوب کنعان میں ڈوبی جوانیاں، موج زلیخا کی دلفریب روانیاں۔۔۔! روایاتِ اذیت سے ڈرتے ہوئے گھروں سے نکلتی نہیں اے ازل کے مالک۔۔۔اے ابد کے خالق۔۔۔! یہ دنیا تیری ہی بنائی ہوئی ہے جس کے سر پر وبا موت بن کے چھائی ہے نشاط روح، سرور ازل ، وعدئہ اول کو یاد کرتے ہوئے! شبنمی گلابوں پر اُداسی چھائی ہوئی ہے کوئلیں ، فاختائیں اور عندلیبانِ چمن۔۔۔! نہ جانے کن گمنام جزیروں کی طرف نکل گئی ہیں اے رب دو جہاں۔۔۔کچھ معلوم نہیں رحم فرما ۔۔۔رحم فرما ۔۔۔اے حافظ حفیظ رحم فرما بہلول مسکراتے ہوئے بولا۔۔۔ اچھا تم نثری نظم لکھتے ہو۔ عہدِحاضر کی اک معروف شخصیت جسے ریاض مجید کہتے ہیں۔ وہ اسے نثم کے نام سے یاد کرتا ہے۔ اس صنف کے لیے دونوں نام بہتر ہیں۔ لیکن میں ’’نثم‘‘ کو ذاتی طور پر پسند کرتا ہوں جو اس نام کو پسند نہیں کرتے ، نثری نظم پر بضد ہیں ۔مجھے اُن سے بھی اختلاف نہیں۔ ادبی دنیا میں اک مندائیت کی شکل میں فرقہ ہے جو اس صنف کو آج بھی نہیں مانتا۔ تم جانتے ہو۔۔۔مندائیت کیا ہے؟ میں نے نفی میں سر ہلاتے ہوئے جواب دیا، اور خاموش رہا۔ کیونکہ بہلول دلچسپ شخصیت کا مالک تھا اور میں اُسے صرف سننا چاہتا تھا ، کہ وہ کیا کہتا ہے۔ اُس نے میری طرف دیکھتے ہوئے ،بولنا شروع کیا۔۔۔! مندائی ایک فرقہ ہے۔ جو آدمؑ ،شیثؑ ، نوحؑ، سامؑ اور ادریسؑ کو مانتا ہے۔ یوحنا اصطباغی...
Farmers predominantly belong to lower class of the society, particularly in developing and under developing countries. This actuality really put them on back-foot in every sphere of life, including their various agricultural activities. For instance, they always face problems to fulfil their agricultural requirement, both for crop and non crop activities, and hence, not in position to get utmost benefits from their efforts. Being citizens of a developing country, Pakistani farmers come across the identical situation. As they are Muslims, therefore, avoid securing interest based loan from the financial institutions. Islamic financial system provides an alternate to such interest based arrangement in the shape of various financing techniques. Among these, Istisnā’ (manufacturing) is the most important one which can be used effectively for the fulfilment of various agricultural requirements. However, its role is more dominant in the satisfaction of non crop agricultural activities that is for example, manufacturing of some heavy agricultural machinery and equipments, installation of tube-wells and channels for appropriate irrigation system, construction of small houses for farmers in their lands etc. The present work discusses the theoretical background of this mode, available in the scholarly work of classical and contemporary Muslim jurists’ work, followed by the description that how it can be used for financing various sectors of agriculture. Study reveals the transaction is equally viable for the development of all sectors of agriculture like local farming, fish farming, dairy farming, poultry farming, horticulture etc. The intended results can be achieved when the financial institutions apply the transaction in its true spirit and philosophies envisaged for it by Islamic commercial law, and not mere a source of earning profit.
Indian Muslim Scholar from Punjab and Hanafi Jurist, prominent member of Naqshbandi Sufi order, the reviver of the second millennium, rejuvenated Islam and opposed heterodoxies, prevailing in the Moghal Empire during Akbar's reign. Friedman and Buehler have both written extensively about Sheikh Ahmed Sarhandi's significant contributions to Sufi epistemology and practices. Most of the Naqshbandi sub-order today such as Mujaddadi, Khalidi, Tahiri, Haqqani sub-orders trace their spiritual lineage through Sarhandi. His major achievement is a collection of 536 letters, collectively known as Those were written to Moghal Rulers and contemporaries. His important book is and believers in interdependence of Sufi Path and Shariah. He advanced the notion .According to his doctrine, the experience of unity between God and Creation is purely subjective and occurs only in the mind of the Sufi, who has reached the state of. He considered as superior to. He totally rejected the preaching of "Akbar" who claimed to be and tried to Mitigate the actual teaching of Islam. He was great scholar of logic, philosophy, theology, Tafseer, Hadith, jurisprudence, history and Seerat-un-Nabi. He made rapid progress in Soherwardi, Qadri and Chishti Turuq and was given permission to initiate and train followers at the age of seventeen. Eventually joined Naqshbandi order through Sheikh Muhammad Al-Baqi and became leading Master of this order. The researcher has endeavored to analytically trace out the contributions of Hazrat Mujaddid Alif Sani and has presented scholastic assessment of his services.