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Integrated Pest Management in Organic Cotton and its Impact on Yield and Lint Quality Characteristics

Thesis Info

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Author

Sahito, Jam Ghulam Mustafa

Program

PhD

Institute

Sindh Agriculture University

City

Tandojam

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Entomology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12796/1/Jam%20Ghulam%20Mustafa%20Sahito_Entomology_SAU.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726479663

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Cultivation of organic cotton has increased in recent years due to the adverse impacts of synthetic chemical use. However, the main barrier to adoption of organic cotton farming in Pakistan, and especially in Sindh province, is its lower yield as compared to conventional cultivation. Therefore, this study was undertaken during 2014 and 2015 to compare the effect of various organic soil amendments relative to conventional integrated pest management (IPM) on the occurrence of cotton pests and their predators as well as influence on various plant growth parameters, yield and lint quality. The study was conducted at Latif Farm, Sindh Agriculture University, and Tandojam. The organic soil amendment treatments evaluated in this study included farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), and the green manures Dhancha (Sesbania bispinosa Wight.) and Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). These treatments were compared to plots under conventional integrated pest management and a no treatment control. Results of the study indicated that among pests, only populations of thrips S. dorsalis (Hood), leafhoppers Amrassca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), whitefly Bemesia tabaci (Gennadus), and cotton mite Tetranchycus urticae (Koch) were observed in the various organic and conventional IPM treatments. During both years of the study, negligible populations of bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera) were recorded in all treatments. The predators recorded during this study included green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea, (Stephens), minute pirate bug Orius spp. (Fieber), big-eyed bug Geocoris punctipes (Say), and Menochilus sexmaculatus (F.), Coccinella semtempunctata (L.). In general, pest populations in the plots with organic soil amendment treatments during both years of the study were either lower or not significantly different from conventional IPM plots. Among the organic treatments, relatively low populations of S. dorsalis and A. bigutula bigutula were recorded in both of the green manure treatments, whereas poultry and farmyard manure plots harboured lower populations of B. tabaci. There was no difference in mite populations between the organic and IPM treatments. Among predators, the highest populations of Orius spp. and G. punctipes were recorded in poultry and farmyard manure treatments, whereas Dhancha plots supported the maximum population of C. carnea. The population of coccinellid predators was only recorded during 2015, with higher populations observed in green manure (Berseem clover) and farmyard manure treatments. Generally, higher pest and predator populations were recorded during 2015 in comparison to 2014, with the exception of Orius spp., which was highest in 2014. A significant correlation was recorded between the populations of various pests and their key predators. In both years of the study, temperature and relative humidity had an effect on populations of sucking pests and their predators as well. The application of various organic treatments also showed positive effect on various plant growth characteristics (i.e. plant height, total number of leaves, number of sympodial branches, total chlorophyll content, total number of bolls, boll weight and maturity percentage). In both years, the highest cotton yield was recorded in plots with poultry manure followed by farmyard manure and conventional IPM treatments. Comparatively higher lint quality was recorded in green manure treatments (Dhancha and Berseem clover). The economic analysis of different IPM treatments showed that the green manure had the most potential among the various organic treatments since the net profit obtained was higher due to the additional revenue generated by sale of green manure as fodder.
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پروفیسر مختار الدین آرزو

آہ! پروفیسر مختار الدین احمد آرزو مرحوم
دارالمصنفین اور دنیائے علم و تحقیق کے لیے یہ خبر بڑی اندوہ ناک رہی کہ ۳۰؍ جون ۲۰۱۰؁ء کو مشہور محقق، مدون اور عالم پروفیسر مختارالدین احمد آرزو نے اس جہاں فانی کو الوداع کہا، اِناﷲ وَاِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔
وہ اس بزم دوشیں کے گویا آخری رکن تھے جس میں ڈاکٹر عبدالستار صدیقی، امتیاز علی عرشی اور مالک رام جیسے اہم نام شامل ہیں، ۱۴؍ نومبر ۱۹۲۴؁ء میں ان کی زندگی کا سفر پٹنہ سے شروع ہوا جس کی آخری منزل علی گڑھ کی سرزمین قرار پائی، عمر بھر کی بے قراری کے لیے قرار یہیں مقدر تھا۔ ان کے والد مولانا ظفر الدین قادری خود جید عالم اور صاحب تصانیف کثیرہ اور مولانا احمد رضا خاں بریلوی کے شاگرد رشید تھے، سلسلہ نسب شیخ عبدالقادرر جیلانی تک پہنچتا ہے، اجداد میں سید ابراہیم نامی بزرگ، سلطان فیروز شاہ تغلق کے عہد میں ہندوستان آئے اور سپہ گری میں نمایاں حیثیت حاصل کی، بزرگوں کی اعلیٰ روایات کی پاسبانی نسل در نسل ہوتی رہی، نانہال بہار کی مشہور اور نیک نام بستی استھانواں میں تھا، پہلا نام غلام معین الدین رکھا گیا لیکن بعد میں وہ مختارالدین احمد ہوئے، والدہ کی آرزو تھی کہ بیٹا جامعہ ازہر تک جائے، یہ آرزو عالمی جنگ کی وجہ سے پوری نہ ہوئی لیکن علم و تحقیق کی طلب میں وہ خود مکمل آرزو بن گئے۔
والد بزرگوار سے تعلیم کا سلسلہ شروع ہوا جو شمس الہدیٰ سے ہوتا ہوا مدرسہ بورڈ کے فاضل حدیث کی سند تک دراز ہوا، لیکن طلب علم کی آرزو کے لیے یہ کافی نہیں تھا، انھوں نے جدید تعلیم کے لیے مسلم یونیورسٹی کا رخ کیا، ڈاکٹریٹ کی سند لی، پی ایچ ڈی کے مقالے کی رہنمائی کے لئے عبدالعزیز میمن جیسی باکمال ہستی نصیب ہوئی،...

GENDER DIFFERENCE IN FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AMONG PATIENT WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

Background of the Study: LBP is a common condition that can be specific or non-specific. Non-specific LBP, which has no known cause, is responsible for 90% of cases and causes pain in the back from the 12th rib to the inferior gluteal folds. Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional design in which both males and females completed the Oswestry low back questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: 85 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 38±9.603. Pain levels varied among patients, with 23 reporting no pain, 29 with light pain, 23 with moderate pain, and 10 with pretty severe pain. Patients had varying degrees of self-care ability with 13 able to care for themselves without triggering pain and 4 requiring daily assistance. Most patients (75 out of 85) had minor disabilities, while 10 had moderate disabilities. The relationship between the ODI score and the question was found to be similar. Conclusion: The data suggest that individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain have only a limited impairment, and only a few suffer from moderate sickness that affects their social lives. Non-specific persistent low back pain is not connected with gender differences in functional impairment.

Integration of Science, Technology and Society Sts Approach in Teaching Chemistry at Higher Secondary Level

There has been a continuous debate in shifting emphasis of science education for attaining the goal of scientific literacy (Hodson, 2003). Over the past 30-40 years, science educators felt a need for having a more context-based approach of science education in order to make it relevant, significant, and interesting for students. Science-Technology-Society (STS) is one of those context-based approaches, getting high acceptance and popularity due to its nature and outcomes. Many scholars have argued for the inclusion of STS issues in science curriculum (Aikenhead, 1994b; Hodson, 2003; Wei & Thomas, 2005; Yager, 1995b). This study aimed to see the possibilities and challenges of STS integration in chemistry curriculum at the higher secondary level. To meet this need, an action research method was adopted to understand STS implementation in the context. During a seven- week study, two action cycles based on Dass's (2005) inquiry model were carried out with a class of grade XI pre-engineering students. Data were collected through observation, reflective journals, students' informal talk, focus group interviews and document analysis, students' reflections, textbook, and students' work sample. Through this study, I have tried to point out that innovation in classroom practices can be done with the existing science education through STS integration. The study partly supports the intention and reveals that my positive attitude and STS features like practical nature of tasks acted as catalysts for this integration, as these influenced the students' willingness to learn through this approach. However, the study also shows that the successful application of STS approach in chemistry classroom needs support in terms of teacher's skill, resource availability, assessment reform, and having a flexible chemistry curriculum. This study implies that STS is not a slogan but carries substantial meanings for science education. Significance of this study lays in its findings, which reflect the possibilities and acceptance of STS science approach in terms of teachers' and students' attitude, availability of resources, and management support. The study raises the need of changes in different areas including curriculum, assessment and teacher education programs, and also opens the door for future research in these areas within the context of STS approach.