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Integration of Seeding Rates and Weed Management Techniques for Weed Suppression and Some Agronomic Traits of Chickpea Cicer Arietinum L.

Thesis Info

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Author

Khan, Rahamdad

Program

PhD

Institute

The University of Agriculture

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Agricultural Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10286/1/Rahamdad%20Khan%20PhD%20dissertation.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726483169

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crop has gained attention of the arid region farmers across Pakistan because of the low water requirement. Meanwhile, the chickpea is poor competitor of weeds in its early growth stages due to its slow growth rate and leaf area development. Taking under consideration the negative impact of weeds on chickpea crop, field, pot and laboratory studies were conducted during 2012-13 and 2013-14. During field studies, the effects of different chickpea seeding rates and different weed control techniques were tested against chickpea weeds under rain-fed conditions. The results of the field experiments showed that during both the years the lowest weed density (115.18 and 64.40 m-2) was recorded in Stomp 330 EC followed by Dual Gold 960 EC. The maximum seed yield (1226 and 1411 kg ha-1) was recorded in Stomp 330 EC for both the years, respectively followed by the application of Dual Gold 960 EC and manual weeding. Among the chickpea seeding rates, the maximum number of branches plant-1, 100 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield kg ha-1 were observed for 70 kg ha-1 seed rate during both the years. The economic analysis exposed that the maximum net profit to the farmers in case of added cost was obtained from the application of pre-emergence herbicides i.e., Stomp 330 EC and Dual Gold 960 EC as compared to the other weed control techniques. In pot studies the sensitivity of chickpea was tested against two pre-emergence herbicides (Stomp 330 EC and Dual Gold 960 EC) and three post-emergence herbicides (Topik 15 WP, Puma Super 75 EW and Isoproturon 500 EW). In pot studies, chickpea was more sensitive to pre-emergence than post-emergence herbicides in terms of their toxicity. All the studied parameters of chickpea showed a significant response to the herbicides applied except nodules fresh and dry biomass. Moreover, the least chickpea plant height (cm), number of nodules plant-1 and protein content (%) in seed were recorded under the pre-emergence application of Stomp 330 EC. In the third experiment, the allelopathic potential of five common weeds including Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cyperus rotundus L., Datura stramonium L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. and Convolvulus arvensis L. was examined against the different chickpea varieties (Karak-I, Karak-III and Sheenghar) under laboratory conditions. The results of the lab. studies demonstrated that among the chickpea varieties the “Karak-III” showed more susceptibility against the phytotoxic effects of weed extracts. However, among the tested extracts, C. arvensis showed more allelopathic effects in terms of germination failure in chickpea and just gave 43.33% germination as compared to control treatment (97.50%). However, the extract of P. australis showed a little stimulatory effects on all the tested chickpea varieties. Hence, it is concluded that an integrated weed management approach involving cultural practices and herbicides is needed to develop an effective and economical weed control technique and to achieve maximum chickpea yield.
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انیس ناگی

ڈاکٹر انیس ناگی
حالات زندگی:
انیس ناگی پاکستان کے نامور محقق، افسانہ نگار، ناول نگار، نقاد، کالم نگار، مترجم اور شاعر تھے۔انیس ناگی 10 ستمبر 1939ء کو شیخوپورہ میں ابراہیم ناگی کے گھر پیدا ہوئے۔ ان کا خاندانی نام " یعقوب علی ناگی " تھا۔ انہوں نے مسلم ہائی اسکول نمبر 2 لاہور سے میٹرک کیا، گورنمنٹ کالج لاہور سے انٹر اور اورینٹل کالج لاہور سے ایم اے (اردو) کیا۔ جامعہ پنجاب سے اردو ادب میں ڈاکٹریٹ کی ڈگری حاصل کی اور گولڈ میڈل بھی حاصل کیا۔ تعلیم سے فراغت کے بعد وہ گورنمنٹ کالج لاہور اور گورنمنٹ کالج فیصل آباد میں تدریسی فرائض سر انجام دیے۔ گورنمنٹ کالج لاہور کے میگزین راوی کے مدیر بھی رہے۔ بعد ازاں انیس ناگی نے سول سروس کا امتحان پاس کیا اور ڈپٹی سیکرٹری ایجوکیشن سمیت مختلف سرکاری عہدوں پر فائز رہے۔ 1999ء میں وہ بورڈ آف ریونیو کے ارکان کی حیثیت سے ریٹائر ہوئے۔
ادبی خدمات:
انیس ناگی کا ادبی سفر بہت طویل ہے۔ انہوں نے شاعری، ناول، افسانہ، تنقید اور تراجم میں طبع آزمائی کی اور ہر صنف میں اپنی تخلیقی صلاحیتوں کو بہت احسن طریقے سے اجاگر کیا ہے۔ انہوں نے جذباتی نثر کی بجائے کارآمد نثر تخلیق کی اور شعوری طور پر ناول کو ادبی زبان کے برعکس عام بول چال میں قلمبند کیا۔ عام معاشرتی اور سیدھی سادی زبان میں قاری کے سامنے اپنی تخلیقات پیش کیں۔ ان کی جدید اردو نظم کو نہ صرف پاکستان بلکہ بیرون ملک بھی بہت پزیرائی ملی۔ وہ ساٹھ کی دہائی میں نئی شاعری کی تحریک کے نام سے سامنے آنے والے ان لوگوں میں شامل تھے جن کے لیے رائج شاعری کا روایتی پیرایہ اور اظہار ناقابلِ قبول تھا اور وہ شاعری میں نئے اظہار کو رواج دینا چاہتے تھے۔ نئی شاعری کی اس تحریک کے نمایاں لوگوں...

آنحضرت کے اجتہادی فیصلوں کی بنیاد اور ضرورت

The changes and evolutions in human experience can resolve the problems. Islam doesn't have narrow view regarding human life, rather removes obstacles in its way to development. Ijtihad has played a vital role to bring compatibility between society and Islamic law, its expansion, development, and changing needs of society. This principle has provided solution to various political, social economic and cultural problems during the period of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) himself, many times, practiced Ijtihad regarding matters raised in newly established Islamic state and the Ummah. Many of the decisions were ratified and revised by Him as well. These decisions were according to the need of time either, political, social, economic or moral. These decisions prove the importance of ijtihad as a principle of movement and also the legislative and explanatory status for the future.

Difference in the Level of Utilization and Determinants of Preconception Care Among Pregnant Women in Aga Khan University Hospital and Maragua Level Four Hospital.

Background: Preconception care (PCC) is an important form of primary health care that aims to identify risks, offer patient education and evidence based interventions prior to conception in order to improve maternal and fetal short and long term health outcomes. Despite the benefits of PCC, the global levels of utilization are still low, more so in developing countries and in the rural settings. This study aimed to determine the difference in the level and determinants of PCC in both urban and rural settings in Kenya. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to compare PCC among pregnant women in Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUH, N) (urban) and Maragua Level Four Hospital (MLFH) (rural). The secondary objective was to determine the factors affecting PCC among pregnant women in the two hospitals. Design and Methodology: Unselected pregnant women seeking antenatal care (ANC) were recruited consecutively at the Mother and Child Health (MCH) clinics in AKUH, N and MLFH. The study design was a mixed method study that employed a cross-sectional approach to determine the level of PCC, using a 5-10 minutes self-administered questionnaire, and a qualitative approach to assess factors affecting PCC using a semi-structured interview guide. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Qualitative interviews were transcribed verbatim, a thematic framework was thereafter manually constructed through coding, creating categories, sub-themes and themes. Indexing, charting, mapping and data interpretation were thereafter carried out. Results: A total of 194 pregnant women were recruited, 97 in each setting (rural and urban). Of these, 21 women were selected through purposive sampling to participate in in-depth interviews for the qualitative aspect of the study. Saturation of themes occurred after 13 interviews (7 at AKUH and 6 at MLFH) after which 4 more interviews were conducted at each site to confirm saturation. Of the total participants, 25.8% received PCC. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in PCC between the rural and urban participants with an OR of 0.3 (0.19-0.72, 95 % CI). Univariate analysis of possible related factors showed that age, marital status, education, parity and occupation had potential effect on PCC. Transcription, coding and thematic analysis of the in-depth interviews yielded 97 categories which were merged into 39 sub-themes and subsequently into 12 main themes. Eleven of the main themes were identified as factors affecting PCC while one theme contained suggested strategies of increasing PCC awareness and utilization. The dominant themes