فکرِ اقبال کے مطالعے کا ممتاز مرتبہ اس انداز سے قابلِ تحسین ہے کہ مقتدر دانشوروں نے ہر دور میں اسے موضوعِ اظہار بنایا ہے۔اس سے واضح ہوتا ہے کہ اقبال کے فکر و فلسفہ نے سماج کو متاثر بھی کیا ہے اور اس کی دوسری کوئی مثال مشکل سے ہی سامنے آتی ہے۔اقبال نے خود بھی دانش و بینش کی منہاج قائم کرنے میں گراں قدر صلاحیتیں صرف کی ہیں۔ان سے بہ قدرِ ظرف فیض کا حصول اہلِ نظر کے لیے ناگزیر ثابت ہوا ہے۔عہدِ اقبال سے تاحال کے صاحبانِ فکر و نظر کی فہرست پر نگاہ ڈالیں تو یہ حقیقت روشن تر دکھائی دے گی کہ اقبال سے الفت اور اقبالیات سے شغف کے بغیر عرفانِ نظر کا حصول ممکن نہیں۔چشمِ بصیرت کا یہ فہم و ادراک سہل نہیں ہے۔اقبال کے ممکنات کی دنیا دعوتِ فکر کی دستک سے دلوں کو مرغوب بھی کرتی ہے اور تحقیق و تنقید کی ترغیب بھی دیتی ہے۔اس طرح ہم یہ کہنے میں حق بجانب ہیں کہ ہمارے ذکر و فکر کی پہچان ہی اقبال سے ہے۔
اقبال شناسوں کے گراں قدر قبیلے میں سید مظفر حسین برنی کا نام بہت اہمیت رکھتا ہے۔ آپ نے اقبال کے خطو ط کو چار جلدوں میں تاریخی ترتیب دے کر محفوظ کیا۔آپ ہندوستان میں اعلیٰ ترین سرکاری عہدوں پر فائز رہے۔ذمہ داریوں کی شدید مصروفیات کے باوجود اقبال سے شغف قائم رہا۔اقبال کے خطوط کا مطالعہ حیرت کی دنیا میں لے جاتا ہے۔موضوعات کی فراوانی علم و ادب اور فکر و فلسفہ کی مستند دستاویز بن کر سامنے آتی ہے۔اقبال کے خطوط نغمۂ نو بہار کی طرح نشاط انگیز بھی ہیں اور قلب و نظر کے لیے سوز و اضطراب کا سرچشمہ بھی۔سید مظفر حسین برنی نے اقبال کے خطوط مرتب کیے تو ماہرین نے مختلف قسم کی رائیں دیں۔آپ کی...
The article explores views of Maulᾱna Waḥῑduddῑn Khᾱn on relation between Islam and secularism as there is no specification of his thoughts on the above issue as critics and other scholars tend to show confusion when they approach Khᾱn’s thoughts from that specific angle. Maulᾱna Waḥῑduddῑn Khᾱn is an Indian religious scholar and peace activist who is alive and known for his modern, cosmopolitan and peaceful thoughts. In this article the scattered and disjointed views of Khᾱn on relation between Islam and secularism have been portrayed as to give context to his original views and show his actual stance which might remove the confusion prevalent amongst intellectuals and scholars as to spot Khᾱn’s basic stance on the above issue. The definition and different experiences of secularism has been shortly described along with projection of diversity of stance from other Muslim scholars as to broaden the very background of the issue. Later the views of Khᾱn and his approach to the issue have been presented. The article will throw light that how Khᾱn perceives the issue of relation between Islam and secularism and what is the point of convergence and divergence between Islam and secularism. This article will also highlight that whether he deals the topic on the basis of creed or philosophy or pragmatism and that whether he takes secularism as beneficial or damaging to the interest of Muslims and Islam. The article also shed light on the scheme of Khᾱn that how Muslim should deal with the phenomenon of secularism.
Energy Efficient Radio Resource Management in Wireless Networks The contemporary extension of telecommunication industry and the hike towards more and more data rates have a profound impact on the power disbursement. More sensitive of the disadvantages associated with this power budget are the climatic perils along with the economic bounds. Consequently, the concept of Energy Efficiency (EE) for attaining green communication is evolved that may help to address the above affairs in current and future wireless networks. Enormous efforts have been done in this regard for the attainment of EE that include efficient power control, channel allocation, interference management and data rate maximization, etc. In addition, the incorporation of new techniques like Device to Device (D2D) and Cognitive Radio (CR) in existing wireless communication will increase the EE of the wireless systems. In this thesis, the notion of EE has been thoroughly investigated, with the basic as well as advanced approaches for its attainment. Therefore, resource allocation problems for maximization of EE have been focused in different wireless frameworks like Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), D2D and CR networks. Resource allocation is the field of wireless communication in which the wireless resources like bandwidth, data rates, transmission power etc., are cleverly distributed among users. Therefore, I have considered channel allocation, transmission power allocation, user admission and mode selection in cellular communication frameworks for the achievement of my goal of increasing the EE. Firstly, I have considered resource allocation problem in uplink SCFDMA for maximization of EE. The joint power and subchannel allocation problem is formulated to maximize the EE metric under constraints on the minimum achieved data rate of each user, the maximum transmit power budget of each user, and the exclusive as well as the consecutive allocation of sub-channels among the users. This problem is a nonlinear and combinatorial optimization problem, which has been transformed to equivalent binary integer programming problem for obtaining the optimal solution. Also, a heuristic suboptimal solution with less computational complexity has been presented. This EE utilization of resources may further be extended to advanced wireless techniques like D2D and CR to complement our goal. D2D is one of the promising technologies that can be used in association with cellular networks for the provision of high data rates, which is the foremost demand of today''s cellular users. These high data rates can further be increased through efficient management of resources, which may also increase the EE of such systems. Therefore, I have also address the mode selection, user admission control and the resource allocation in a pooled D2D and cellular network optimization model, for energy efficient resource allocation. The problem formulated is a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Problem (MINLP), whereas such problems belong to a class of problems whose computational complexity is NP-hard. Finding the optimal solution of such hard problems by the brute force and searching the feasible space is also challenging since the complexity increases exponentially by increasing the admitted users. Therefore, a Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) algorithm has been proposed to find the EE resource allocation with reasonable computational complexity. The D2D connectivity is nonetheless a game changing technique while considering the high data rates, however, more smart utilization of resources in CR assisted D2D networks, may result in more data rates and EE. Therefore, the problem of maximizing EE of CR assisted D2D networks has been considered, subject to compliance of transmit powers of cellular users and interference constraints of primary users of broadcast network. CR network users are cellular users comprising of cellular and D2D users. Cellular users can opt any of the cellular or D2D mode. The cognitive radio network users opportunistically utilize spectrum of Television (TV) white spaces. The problem thus formulated is NP-complete. MADS algorithm has been used to find near optimal solution. The results of MADS have been compared with the exhaustive search algorithm, which clearly proves MADS to be an ideal algorithm, and can be a choice for real life large cellular networks, due to its low computational complexity.