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Home > Interaction of Commercially Available Drugs With Pseudomembrane Model Using Micellar Liquid Chromatography and Electronic Spectroscopy.

Interaction of Commercially Available Drugs With Pseudomembrane Model Using Micellar Liquid Chromatography and Electronic Spectroscopy.

Thesis Info

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Author

Azeem, Waqar

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10378/1/Waqar%20Azeem_Chem_2019_GCU%28L%29_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726486998

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Micro-heterogeneous surfactant assemblies solubilize and encapsulate the active drug molecules and consequently protect them from the adverse environmental conditions. As pseudomodel of biomembranes, the associative structures of surfactant molecule are very useful for researchers to determine their role in cellular interactions. The present study reveals the molecular interactions of potential antibiotics (fixed dose combinations as well as single drugs) with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, a quaternary ammonium surfactant). Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC), differential absorption and emission spectrometry were performed to probe the drug– CTAB association whereas interaction modes of drug–surfactant were quantified by determining binding capacities and related Gibb’s free energies at various pH conditions. The binding values of drug–CTAB obtained from micellar liquid chromatography measurements are found to be in good agreement with as measured by electronic spectroscopy. The fixed dose combination (FDC) drugs, (norfloxacin + metronidazole), (ofloxacin + ornidazole) and single drug sparfloxacin were studied at physiological condition pH 7.4. Gatifloxacin and levofloxacin were also studied at two pH values pH 7.4 and pH 5.5. Most fluoroquinolones solubilize in the aqueous medium. However for better bioavailability, improved efficacy and to overwhelm the lipophilic barrier, a physiological medium (pH 7.4) is useful for diffusion through phospholipid membrane. The spectral-luminescent measurements of these drugs interacting with cationic micelles were investigated as function of CTAB concentration from pre micellar to post micellar region. The results indicated potential solubilization of drugs in the peripheral region of micelles that may facilitate their controlled release. The values of the binding capacities of drug-micelle system have verified these results.
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غزلیات

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زندہ رکھی ہے ترے پیار کی خوشبو ایسے
اپنے شعروں میں دیے تیرے حوالے میں نے
کیوں نہ ہر لفظ پہ آنکھوں سے یہ ٹپکیں آنسو
جس قدر درد ملے شعر میں ڈھالے میں نے

ز
اپنی ذات کے اندر آ!

خواب نگر سے باہر آ!
شیش محل میں کس نے کہا

ہاتھ میں لے کر پتھر آ!
دیکھ کے صحرا نے یہ کہا

آنکھ میں بھر کے ساگر آ!
تجھ سے مسخر دل نہ ہو گا

لاکھ تو بن کے سکندر آ!
ہنس کے کہا درویش نے یہ
غم کی آگ میں جل کر آ!
ز
یوں تو کہنے کو فقط صبح کا تارا ڈوبا
ہاں، مگر رات کے راہی کا سہارا ڈوبا
جس کی باتوں سے سدا پیار کی کرنیں پھوٹیں
اُس کی آنکھوں میں مری سوچ کا دھارا ڈوبا
میری قسمت بھی ہے روٹھی مرے ساجن کی طرح
میں جو منجدھار سے نکلا تو کنارا ڈوبا
آج پھر سُرخ گھٹائوں کی ہے آمد آمد
آج پھر ۱ور کوئی درد کا مارا ڈوبا
کیسا کہرام مچا ہے لبِ دریا یونسؔ
ایسا لگتا ہے کوئی جان سے پیارا ڈوبا
ز
مل کر جو چلا جاتا

کیا اس میں ترا جاتا
معیار سے اپنے تو

کیوں کر ہے گرا جاتا
منزل نہ بھلے ملتی

رستہ تو دیا جاتا
ہوتی ہے وہاں غیبت
میں کیسے بھلا جاتا
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اب خونِ جگر دے کے یہ پالا نہیں جاتا
آ جا کہ ترا درد، سنبھالا نہیں جاتا
ہم جس کے سبب نقل مکانی پہ تلے ہیں
کیوں شخص وہ بستی سے نکالا نہیں جاتا
روتے ہو یہ بتلائو کہ تم ہجر میں کس کے
بے وجہ تو آنکھوں کا اُجالا نہیں جاتا

Relationships have value, the impact of Leader Member Exchange on Affective Commitment

This research contributes into further investigating the impact of Leader Member Exchange (LMX) upon work attitude (i.e. Affective commitment). A Study of (N=177) employees from banking sector was conducted and it was found that the LMX has significant positive association with affective commitment (AC). These significant results have shown the importance of quality of Leader Member Exchange and its impact in attaining the positive organizational outcomes.  

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Sequestration by Soil Organic Matter Fractions and its Effect on Plant Growth

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental hazards in Pakistan. There are many ways in which the PAH can enter the soil environment and interfere with the soil system and the plants grown in soil. This study demonstrates the efficacy of organic amendments to improve phytoremediation efficiency in PAH contaminated soil. The main objectives of the study were to compare PAH concentration in soil before and after the pot experiments in different treatments and demonstrate the interaction of soil PAHs and compost amendments on PAH bioavailability in soil. To assess plant growth in PAH contaminated soil and their subsequent uptake of PAH by vetiver grass and rye grass and to evaluate the effect of season on the PAH sequestration in SOM fractions. Experiments were conducted with two different soils (S1: Gujar Khan with silty clay loam texture and S2: PMAS-Arid agriculture university Rawalpindi main campus with sandy loam texture) and grass (P1: vetiver; P2: rye grass) types. Each type of soil and grass was studied in six different levels of diesel contamination and compost amendment (T1: Control; T2: 1% compost; T3: 0.5% diesel (PAHs); T4: 1% diesel (PAHs); T5: 0.5% diesel (PAHs) + 1% compost and T6: 1% diesel (PAHs) + 1% compost) and performed with three replications. Pot trials were conducted in two seasons: during June – September (2012), and October – January (2013). Soil physic-chemical analysis and soil organic matter fractionation was performed at the start of experiments and also at the end of pot experiments. Soil PAHs analysis was done after the 15 days of spiking and at the end of experiments. PAHs were analyzed by GC-MS. Physicochemical analysis of the soil pH and EC values were lower than the initial values. 21 Similarly organic matter, TOC and TN concentrations varied significantly in each treatment. Plant growth revealed that PAH contamination negatively influenced both grass species. However adding compost improved the plant growth in PAHcontaminated soils with 1% compost. In treatments with diesel and compost amendments the plant biomass was higher in summer compared to winter. A 56% decrease in root length was observed in vetiver grass when soil was spiked with 1% diesel. Uptake of low molecular weight PAHs was higher compared to high molecular weight PAHs. Accumulation of PAHs in root and shoot corresponded to the removal of PAHs from soil by grasses. The accumulation of PAHs in plant biomass was greater in summer than winter. The effect of various treatments applied showed that the more PAHs accumulated in the absence of compost. Whereas the sequestration by SOM in T5 and T6 reduced the concentration of PAHs in soil. In vetiver most of PAHs are accumulated in roots compared to shoots. GC-MS analysis for soil PAHs indicated that PAH concentration declined from the initial concentration. Microbial community analysis by TRFLP showed that Streptomyces and Mycobacterium were the dominating species in diesel contaminated soil. Soil fractionation showed that the humin fraction had higher percentage in both types of soils, while Fulvic acid concentration was lowest in all treatments. However, fulvic acid content was positively correlated to the PAHs in soil. In the case of high molecular weight PAHs, humic acid was positively correlated with the sequestration matrix. This study clearly showed that the phytoremediation of contaminated soil using organic amendments and plants with a dense root system could be a useful approach for removal of PAHs from contaminated soil. Compost amendment has increased the degradation of PAHs through facilitated by microbial activity. Soil organic matter fractions were the prime sites where PAHs was mostly sequestered.