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Interactive Shape Designing Using Spline Interpolation

Thesis Info

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Author

Ishaq, Munaza

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Mathemaics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13099/1/Munaza_Ishaq_Methematics_HSR_2015_UoP_Lahore_26.10.2016.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726490637

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Interactive shape design is a fundamental tool in the areas of computer aided-design (CAD), computer aided manufacturing (CAM), computer aided design and drafting (CADD), computer-aided engineering (CAE) and computer-aided geometric design (CAGD). In this thesis, piecewise rational spline interpolants have been developed for the designing curves and surfaces where each curve segment of a piecewise spline interpolant is represented by two conic curve segments. Shape parameters used in the description of spline interpolants have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that the properties like convex hull, variation diminishing, global and local control of rational cubic and rational trigonometric cubic splines can be characterized by the rational quadratic and rational trigonometric quadratic splines. Practical examples have been used to identify that the techniques based on conic-like structures (rational quadratics) provide an extra degree of freedom for shape manipulation. It is noted that corresponding conic-like structures are computationally less expensive and achieve equivalently pleasing results as compare to rational and trigonometric cubic spline interplants. The method extends naturally to the design of surfaces.
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54. Al-Qamar/The Moon

54. Al-Qamar/The Moon

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

54:01
a. The Last Hour has drawn near,
b. and the moon has been split open.

54:02
a. But whenever they see a Sign, they turn away, and mock:
b. Just the ‘same old deception, continuing!’

54:03
a. And they belie it and follow their whims.
b. But every matter will reach its proper end - so they will know the truth.

54:04
a. Certainly enough of the narratives of the fate of the former disbelieving nations would have
already come in which there is deterrence,

54:05
a. narratives full of far reaching wisdom,
b. yet the warnings do not benefit them.

54:06
a. So turn away from them.
b. The Time is going to come when the Caller will call all people to a horrible event;

54:07
a. with their eyes humbled, they will emerge out of their graves as if they were swarms of locust, looking confused and bewildered,

54:08
a. scrambling in a stampede and rushing towards the Caller.
b. The disbelievers will say remorsefully:
c. ‘This is such a difficult time!’

54:09
a. Before them the People of Noah too had belied OUR Messages and Messenger,
b. and they belied OUR servant Noah, and alleged:

c. ‘He is insane!’
d. And he was rebuked and prevented from advocacy.

54:10
a. So he appealed to his Rabb - The Lord in utter helplessness:
b. ‘I have certainly been overpowered.
c. So help’ me!

ijacc article

This article explores the fascinating intersection of science and art through the lens of scientific visualization. It delves into the captivating world of visual representations of scientific data, showcasing how these creations transcend mere data analysis to become powerful tools of creative expression. By examining the synergy between scientific inquiry and artistic vision, this article illuminates the profound impact of scientific visualization on our understanding of the cosmos and the role it plays in inspiring both scientists and artists alike.

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological Evaluation of 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole and Morpholine Bearing Heterocycles

The presented research work in this dissertation comprises of synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, hemolytic and enzyme inhibition studies of some new acetamides/sulfides bearing substituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazole and morpholine moieties. The acetamide, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and morpholine moieties are important functionalities because of their broad range of known pharmacological activities. Synthetic approaches (scheme-1-11) were utilized to synthesize poly-functional compounds. In first scheme, twenty three 5-substituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiols were synthesized by converting multifarious organic acids consecutively into the corresponding esters and hydrazides. Further the intermolecular cyclization of various carbohydrazides with carbon disulfide and potassium hydroxide yielded subsequent 5- substituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiols. Moreover, the reaction of different 5- substituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiols (scheme-2 & 3) with electrophiles, 2-bromo-N- [4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]acetamide and 2-bromo-N-[2-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl] acetamide yielded thirteen, N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-2-[(5-aryl/aralkyl-1,3,4- Oxadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamides and fourteen N-[2-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-2-[(5- aryl/aralkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamides respectively in the presence of N,N- dimethylformamide and sodium hydride. Sixteen novel benzyl sulfides (scheme-4) bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety and sulfo- morpholine functionality were synthesized (bromomethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)morpholine with by the different reaction of 4-(4- 5-substituted-1,3,4- Oxadiazole-2-thiols. Nucleophilic substitution reaction of free thiol group in 1,3,4- Oxadiazoles with 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine hydrochloride yielded thirteen, 4-[2- [[5-aryl/aralkyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]ethyl]morpholine derivatives (scheme-5) in the presence of acetone and potassium carbonate . A series of nineteen electrophiles (scheme-5), N-substituted-2-bromoacetamides was developed by the reaction of different substituted/unsubstituted aryl/aralkyl/alkyl amines with 2-bromoacetyl bromide by using DCM or basic aqueous medium as solvent. Seventy one (71) acetamides were synthesized by the reaction of 5-(2-chloro/3- chloro/4-chloro/4-nitrophenyl/phenyl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiols with different electrophiles by simple stirring in the presence of DMF solvent and NaH base at the room temperature. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by using IR, 1H- NMR and mass spectral data. In addition, 13C-NMR technique was also used in some cases to support the structural analysis. A rational mass fragmentation pattern of some of the compounds is also proposed. Some of the 1H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and EIMS spectra of synthesized compounds are also presented for the obvious perceptive of signals. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, hemolytic and enzyme inhibition activities. Some of compounds were found to be active and showed interesting results in different studies declared above. The biological activity data in comparison of each scheme with the reference standard drugs is presented in biological activity section.