Impact of Interest Loan, Growth of Regional Gross Domestic Product, Inflation and Economic Growth on Loans at Credit Union in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

 Loans or credits offered by Kopdit credit unions are a potential source of funds that need to be developed, to help accelerate the home industry and the micro and small economies. Therefore, we want to see the impact of several conditions such as the loan interest rate, GDP per capita growth, inflation rate and economic growth. Quite a number of studies have looked at the impact of interest rates, GDP growth, inflation rates and economic growth on loans or credits to banks or banking institutions. We do not look at credit or loans from banks, but on Kopdit credit unions (CU). The results of our research show that simultaneously the loan interest rate, GDP growth, inflation rate and economic growth have a strong enough influence on loans at Credit Union Credit Unions, namely 79.2454%. Partially the variable of loan interest rate, GDP growth per capita, inflation rate affects outstanding loans, while economic growth partially has no effect on outstanding loans.

An Understanding of the Processes and Issues Involved in Developing Mathematical Thinking Among Pre-Service Teachers

The study examined the processes and issues involved in developing mathematical thinking among pre-service teachers. I conducted action research under the paradigm of qualitative research in one elementary college of education of Karachi. I worked with a whole class of pre-service teachers (with a focus on four participants) for five and a half weeks. I taught them nine lessons in four cycles of action research. I collected data through observation, semi-structured interviews, my reflective journal and pre-service teachers' work samples. The study indicates that problem-solving tasks, the environment of the classroom, instructional strategies and teacher educator attitude make a difference in pre-service teachers' learning of mathematics. Pre-service teachers had difficulties in the content area of mathematics, and they did not have a positive attitude towards mathematics. However, they gradually improved their mathematics skills and started journeying toward mathematical thinking. Besides the helping factors, there are some challenges as well; for example, low levels of self-confidence among students and their prior limited knowledge of mathematics.