The genotypic differences regarding Na + accumulation and transport in plant along with physiological response to improve salt tolerance were studied in bread wheat genotypes. Four wheat genotypes; Kharchia-65, SARC-3, S-9476 and S-8189 were grown under salt stress (75 and 150 mM NaCl) in nutrient solution with five replications. Shoot dry weight, relative growth rate (RGR), chlorophyll index, leaf water relations, Na + content and transport in plant were measured. The increase in NaCl stress decreased all growth parameters, however, variations were observed among genotypes. Kharchia-65, S-9476 and SARC-3 had better growth and water relations compared to salt sensitive genotypes S-8189. The low rate of Na + transport and better ability to restrict Na + in the root was main reason of genetic variation among different genotypes, especially, when growth characteristic did not vary significantly under salt stress. Na + partition was also recorded in wheat genotypes as salt sensitive genotypes had higher Na + accumulation in shoot while it was reverse in tolerant ones. The differences in root Na + were not significant among all genotypes. In many crop plants, over-accumulation of Na + in shoot is the main cause of yield reduction due to toxicity. In this study, wheat genotypes differed mainly because of low rates of Na + uptake and transport from root to shoot. Therefore, in this study, it was concluded that wheat genotypes with contrasting leaf Na + uptake rates and transport from root to shoot had resulted in differences in salinity tolerance. The wheat genotypes having ability to reduce Na + accumulation in shoot by retaining it at root level had better salt tolerance. The genotypes with the highest Na + uptake had lower chlorophyll, more electrolyte leakage, and a slightly lower RGR. Keywords: Genotypes, ion partition, salinity stress, sodium, wheat
مولانا عبیداﷲ سندھی افسوس ہے کہ مولانا عبیداﷲ سندھی نے ۲۳؍ اگست ۱۹۴۴ء کو اس عالم فانی کو الوداع کہا، مرحوم نے ساری عمر اپنے خیالات کی خاطر جن کو وہ حق سمجھتے تھے تکالیف میں بسر کی، بلکہ یوں کہنا چاہیے کہ مدت کے بعد کوئی عالم دین ایسا پیدا ہوا تھا جس نے اس طرح مجاہدانہ زندگی بسر کی، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت کرے، اور مقام اعلیٰ نصیب فرمائے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی،ستمبر ۱۹۴۴ء)
This study worked on studying the language in modern Jordanian poetry, through application to the poetry of the Jordanian poet Ibrahim Al-Ajlouni through his poetic works, subjected to intertextuality in both its religious and literary parts, as well as addressing repetition in its three types, the sentence, the word, and the letter, then the study ended with the conclusion, which included the most important results that the study reached It has through studying the language of the poet.
Topics in Generalized Topology and Fuzzy Generalized Continuities This work is comprised of the generalized topology, algebraic generalized topology and fuzzy generalized topology. We have defined and studied the notions of semi- -local function, global function, global closure operator, global interior and -normal spaces in Ideal generalized topological spaces. Properties of these functions are investigated. Examples and counter examples are given where deemed necessary. We continued the investigations of some important results in generalized topological groups and proved basic properties of -connectedness. Along with other results, it is proved that in a -topological group, the maximal -connected components containing the identity of the group is -closed invariant subgroup. -quotients of -topological groups are also discussed. -topological vector spaces (generalization of TVS) are one of the interesting structures which is defined and investigated over here. This space is a blend of -topological structure with the algebraic concept of a vector space in such a way that vector addition and scalar multiplication are -continuous functions. A counter example is given to show that a -topological vector space is not a topological vector space. We have studied the concept of a fuzzy generalized topology which is a generalization of Chang’s fuzzy topology, and investigated some properties of its structure. We have also introduced the concept of fuzzy generalized open function and fuzzy generalized closed function in terms of fuzzy generalized interior and fuzzy generalized closure operators