The present study has been designed to investigate the antioxidant and antimutagenic potential of hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed extracts of twenty medicinal plants belonging to different plant families like Amaranthaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Labiatae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Poaceae, Malvaceae and Zygophyllaceae. Hydrolyzed extraction was carried out using acidified methanol and non-hydrolyzed extracts were obtained with aqueous methanol. Both types of extracts were evaluated for phenolic contents, antioxidant, mutagenic and antimutagenic potential and genoprotective activity. Hydrolyzed extracts of all plants represented higher phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimutagenic potential as compared to non-hydrolyzed extracts. Mentha longifolia (402.8±1.9 mg GAE/g dry extract), Citrullus colocynthus (396.4±1.9 mg GAE/g dry extract) and Mimordica dioca (354.4±1.9 mg GAE/g dry extract) showed highest phenolic contents. Cassia angustifolia (230.4±2.6 mg AAE/g dry extract), Mimordica dioca (132.6±0.8 mg AAE/g dry extract) and Mentha longifolia (131.7±1.5 mg AAE/g dry extract) presented largest reducing power in terms of ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE). Highest free radical scavenging was shown by Citrullus colocynthus (96.21±1.0%; IC50 2.11±0.12 µg/mL), Achyranthus aspera (93.1±0.4%; IC50 6.5±0.10 µg/mL), Mentha longifolia (92.4±1.0%; IC50 14.3±0.1 µg/mL). Citrullus colocynthus (96.21±1.0%; IC50 2.11±0.12 µg/mL), Mimordica dioca (91.91±1.0%; IC50 17.22±0.36 µg/mL) and Mentha longifolia (92.4±1.0%; IC50 14.3±0.1 µg/mL) exhibited highest antioxidant activity in terms of inhibition to lipid peroxidation. Lowest cytotoxicity was observed for Citrullus colocynthus (2.65±0.09%), Achyranthus aspera (2.95±0.14%) and Mentha longifolia (3.95±0.08%) by evaluating haemolytic activity. Highest antimutagenic potential was calculated for hydrolyzed extracts of Citrullus colocynthus (75.79±0.69%), Mimordica dioca (73.02±1.37%) and Achyranthus aspera (72.22±0.69%). Also, Citrullus colocynthus, Mimordica dioca and Achyranthus aspera showed considerable protection against oxidatively damaged DNA plasmid i.e. pBR322. Finally, it has been concluded that Citrullus colocynthus, Mentha longifolia, Mimordica dioca and Achyranthus aspera were the most bioactive plants of all selected medicinal plants as represented by the results of LCMS analysis that exhibited the presence of high concentrations of bioactive compounds in the extracts of these plants.…………………………………
This study aims to determine the effect of compensation, quality of work life on employee performance at the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java Regional Office I. The study population was 1323 employees. Employees, the number of samples is 200 respondents. The technique of collecting data through a questionnaire. Model testing with structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The test results show that the model (fit) can be seen from the values of GFI, AGFI, TLI, CFI, RMSEA and CMIN / DF respectively 0.902, 0.907, 0.964, 0.968, 0.026 and 1.127 which indicate the model fit criteria. The results showed that: 1) Compensation has a significant effect on Quality of Work Life, 2) Compensation has a significant effect on Performance, 3) Quality of Work Life has a significant effect on Performance, 4) Compensation has no significant effect on Performance through Quality of Work Life for Office employees Region of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I
Acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are caused by thrombosis or the obstruction of blood vessels with clots and this is the leading causes of death. The single handling accessible is the use of thrombolytic agent to liquefy the blood lump. Hyper production of streptokinase was carried out in this research work. Beta hemolytic Streptococcus equisimilis was isolated from indigenous sources and then mutagenesis of this isolate was carried out by means of chemicals as well as radiations. To seek the optimum activity, different kinetic and thermodynamic parameters like pH, temperature, Km, Vmax, molecular weight, melting temperature, half-life, enthalpy and entropy etc. were applied on the purified enzyme. UV irradiated strain resulted in 335 U/mL activity with 1116.66 U/mg specific activity, 0.30 mg/mL protein, 41.92 fold purification and 69.79% recovery whereas Sodium azide derived mutant resulted in 400 U/mL activity with 2000 U/mg specific activity, 0.20 mg/mL protein, 71.94 fold purification and 64.51% recovery of the finally purified enzyme. Gamma irradiated strain exhibited 300 U/mL activity with 1428.57 U/mg specific activity, 0.21 mg/mL protein, 59.52 fold purification and 75.94% recovery whereas ethidium bromide derived mutant showed 365 U/mL activity with 1659.09 U/mg specific activity, 0.22 mg/mL protein, 66.52 fold purification and 85.08% recovery. Optimum pH and temperature of the finally purified enzyme was 7 and 45oC. Enthalpy of denaturation (ΔH*) of streptokinase at 450C was 43.67 kJ/mole. The Energy of thermal denaturation ΔG* was 101.14 kJ/mole and entropy of inactivation ΔS* was -197.32 kJ/mole at 45oC. The negative value of ΔS* indicated that streptokinase was thermodynamically stable. Km and Vmax values of streptokinase were 26.31 mM and 50 MS-1. Streptokinase produced from sodium azide derived mutant exhibited activity within the pH range of 6 to 8 while it presented its best performance at pH 7. Thermal stability between 45oC to 80oC was shown by the streptokinase along with half-life of 244 minutes while less stability was shown at 80oC along with 45 minutes of half-life and 40.41 kJ/mole as enthalpy of denaturation (ΔH*).