محبت کی انتہا
4ُٓاپریل 1979ء کو گلگت کے جیالے محمد اسمعیل نے ریڈیو پر اپنے محبوب قائد ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کی خبر سنی تو ان کی جدائی برداشت نہ کر سکا اور محبت عشق کی اگلی منزل تک چلی گئی ۔اس نے جلتے ہوئے تیل کا چولھا اپنے اوپر انڈیل لیا ۔جیالے کے سارے جسم کو آگ نے لپیٹ لیا ۔اس کا منہ ، ہاتھ ،ٹانگیں اور جسم کے دیگر اعضاء جل گئے ۔کئی مہینے زندگی موت کی کشمکش میں رہنے کے بعد وہ زندہ بچ گئے ۔جب محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو پہلی مرتبہ وزیر اعظم بنی تو انہوں نے گلگت آ کر خود محمد اسمعیل سے ملاقات کی اور سرکاری ملازمت دلائی ۔طویل عرصہ گزرنے کے بعد جب بھی اس کے سامنے بھٹوکی پھانسی کا ذکر کیا جائے تو اس کی آنکھیں بے ساختہ آنسوئوں سے چھلک پڑتی ہیں ۔
Shari‘ah’s teachings are perfect and forever. They leave everlasting impacts on society towards its spiritual as well as material purification (Tazkia) if implemented properly according to Qur’an and Sunnah. Interest (Sood/Rib┐) has been forbidden by Almighty Allah whereas Trade (Ba‘a) has been legitimated. To bring the Muslims of today out of Interest-based Banking System, religious scholars have outlined and introduced Islamic Banking System which, although, has got fast growth in market but still, a number of objections are being raised by different scholars leading to an impression that this system is not working in accordance with Shari‘ah. This not only discourages the entry of new ones to Islamic Banking Sector but also create confusions in the minds of the enlisted customers. Keeping in view the above scenario, need is felt to assess, evaluate and analyze the Objections raised with special emphasis on Islamic Concept of Bank, Charity Fund (Iltez┐m be tasaduq) and Mur┐ba╒a being the major points of objections of the critics. The present study investigates different aspects and dimensions of these objections in the context of Shariah and ground realities in order to know the extent of validity of these objections, highlight the gray areas giving rise to objections and give real picture to the public in general and enhance the satisfactory level of the enlisted Islamic Banking customers in particular.
The lignin degrading enzymes system of WRF has incredible catalytic property for oxidative bio-remediation of a lot of toxic contaminants and numerous other industrial applications. Immobilization facilitates the re-use of enzymes and making them industrially applicable and eco-nomical bio-catalysts. Schizophyllum commune IBL-06 was used for the production of lignin peroxidase (LiP) in pre-optimized solid state fermentation medium of corn stover. A high yield of LiP (1347.3 U/mL) was observed in crude extract. LiP was purified (5.65 folds) by a 4 steps protocol containing ammonium sulphate fractionation, dialysis, ion-exchange (DEAE-cellulose) and size exclusion chromatography. The 38 kDa single polypeptide S. commune IBL-06 LiP migrating as a single clear band on both native and SDS-PAGE gels. The purified enzyme was then immobilized on different support matrics such as chitosan, alginate, nylon membrane, PVA, agarose and PA gels with high immobilization efficiency and stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for the verification of LiP attachment on support matrices. The maximum dye-decolorization (95.45%) potential was observed with chitosan and ca-alginate immobilized enzyme at 30°C without hemolytic toxicity. The chitosan beads-LiP retained approximately more than 70% activity after 3 frequent runs that gradually reduced to 35 % after 7th cycle of reusability. The immobilized LiP was found to show superior dye removal properties as compared to free LiP. Higher thermo stability, lower Km and high Vmax features of chitosan beads immobilizedLiP suggested its suitibility for variousbiotechnological and industrial applictaions.