Iron Availability in Calcareous Soils

Thesis Info

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Author

Faraz Ahmad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Botany

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2424/1/3028S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726523891

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Iron (Fe) is a widely deficient micronutrient in agriculture particularly on alkaline and calcareous soils due to formation of insoluble compounds in soil as well its inactivation in plant body. Several soil-related characteristics may lead to development of Fe chlorosis. Prediction of development of Fe chlorosis on basis of single soil parameter is not easy for perennial crops. To cure Fe deficiencies, right choice of rootstock and efficient Fe sources for soil application need to be explored. The present project was designed to study the different soil Fe forms, soil properties and their relation with citrus leaf Fe. For soil solution Fe studies, Buchner Funnel Technique (BFT) was used to determine water soluble Fe in different soils and Fe buffer power of different soils. Different Fe sources were tested in their ability to provide soluble Fe over period of time. Responses of different citrus rootstock seedling were evaluated in calcareous medium. DTPA-extractable Fe and water soluble Fe though represents the available Fe in soils were found unable to justify the symptoms of Fe chlorosis on citrus leaves in our study. Ferrihydrite Fe oxide is the main source of soil Fe in calcareous soils and controls plant available Fe at each depth. Soil pH was found in inverse relation to leaf active Fe. Water soluble Fe extracted from different soils using BFT revealed that all soils were above the critical level of 1 μM Fe required for mass flow. While comparing different Fe sources, we found organic amendments better than inorganic amendments in their ability to supply Fe over long period of time. Inorganic Fe sources rapidly became insoluble regardless of soil type. Vivianite was found slightly resistant to oxidation as compared to FeSO 4 . Among chelates EDDHA is highly stable as compared to DTPA. Citrus rootstock seedlings responded differently with application of Fe with and without CaCO 3 in growth medium. Rootstocks differed in their ability to take up Fe from CaCO 3 medium and to efficiently utilize Fe. Rough lemon found to be efficient rootstock to cope Fe nutrition disorders

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Title	Author	Supervisor	Degree	Institute
Iron Availability in Calcareous Soils	Faraz Ahmad		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Boron Dynamics in Alkaline Calcareous Soils and its Availability under Wheat-Cotton Cropping System	Niaz, Abid		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Response of Wheat to Phosphorus in Calcareous Soils	Hussain, Nazim		PhD	Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Perspectives of Using Acidulated Cow Dung Slurry/Extract to Enhance Availability of Indigenous and Added Micronutrients in Calcareous Soils	Annum Sattar		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Iron Availability from Fortified Wheat Flour	Ayesha Yameen		Mphil	Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability to Maize in Biochar Amended Calcareous Soil	Muhammad Aon		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Model Based Phosphorus Fertilizer Requirements of Legumes in Calcareous Soils	Waqas, Muhammad		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Optimizing Phosphate Fertilizer for Fodder Crops in Different Textured Calcareous Soils	Rashid, Muhammad		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Zinc Requirement of Maize Cultivars on Alkaline Calcareous Soils	Kanwal, Shamsa		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Suitability of Methods for Estimation of Zinc in Calcareous Soils of Nwfp	Perveen, Sajida		PhD	University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Biofortification of Cereals With Iron by Manipulating Soil Ph in Calcareous Soil	Ramzani, Pia Muhammad Adnan		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Profile Distribution and Availability of Nitrogen in Benchmark Soils of Pothwar	Khan Fazli Qayyum		PhD	Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Profile Distribution and Availability of Nitrogen in Benchmark Soils of Pothwar	Khan, Fazli Qayyum		PhD	Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Integrated Use of Inorganic and Organic Amendments for Improving Phosphorus Availability in Soils	Mujeeb, Fakhar		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Phosphorous Managemnet for Biofortification of Zinc in Maize Zea Mays L. Grown on Calcareous Soils	Imran, Muhammad		PhD	Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Establish Soil and Plant Tissue Boron and Zinc Requirement for Cotton in Calcareous Soils of Pakistan	Niaz Ahmed		PhD	Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Phyto- Availability of Cadmium to Rice and Wheat in Contaminated Soils Treated With Organic Amendments	Azhar, Muhammad		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Impact of Humic and Fulvic Acids on Cadmium Availability to Wheat in Sewage Sludge Amended Soils	Rashid, Imran		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Phosphorus Fertilizer Requirement of Wheat Triticum Lestivum L. and Lentil Lens Culillalis Medic. on Three Alluvial Calcareous Soils	Hussain, Amjad		PhD	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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ہم جنس پرستی

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یہ انسانی معاشرہ ہے انسان خطا کا پتلاہے ،لیکن ابلیس کے پیروکار یہ لوگ اسی انسانی معاشرے میں بظاہر خود پر انسانیت کا لبادہ اوڑھے حیوانیت کو ترویج دیتے ہوئے ،انسانی حدود سے ہی باہرنکل جاتے ہیں۔نا صرف خود اس کام میں شامل ہوجاتے ہیں بلکہ اپنے آس پاس کے لوگوں کو بھی ملوث کرنا چاہتے ہیں۔اچھی سوچ وبصیرت کا مالک ایسے گندے کام سے کراہت محسوس کرتا ہے اور خود کو غلاظت سے پاک رکھتا ہے۔خواہ وہ کوئی بھی ہوکیونکہ وہ انسانی حدود کو جانتا ہے لیکن کچھ جو انسانی حدود سے نکل کر جنسی آزادی کو خود پر لازم اور خود کو آزاد سمجھتے ہیں وہ خود کو حیوانیت کی حدود سے باہر خارج کردیتے ہیں۔اس آزادی کا نام ہم جنس پرستی ہے۔ایسے ہی فلسفے کا پرچار کرنے والے یہ لوطی کسی بھی رکاوٹ کے دائرے میں نہیں آتے اور اپنی تسکین کے لئے ، ہر رشتے کو خود کے لیے جائزاور حلال سمجھتے ہیں۔ یہ سراسر شیطانی وصف ہے۔ رحمانی وحی کے خلاف ہے یہ کام اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو اشرف المخلوقات بنایا ہے مگر انسان اپنا عرفان بھول چکا ہے۔جو ذہن ہدایت سے اندھا ہوچکا ہے تو اس کی آنکھیں،کان،زبان سب بیکار ہیں وہ اپنے آپ کو جہنم کی آگ کا ایندھن بنا لیتا ہے۔ارشاد باری تعالیٰ ہے :

سورت الاعراف کی آیات کا ترجمہ:آیات 81،80

’’اور جب لوط نے اپنی قوم سے کہا کہ تم لوگ ایسی بے حیائی کرتے ہو جوتم لوگوں سے پہلے دونوں ہی جہانوں (یعنی انسانوں اور جنوں )میں کسی نے بھی کیاور وہ یہ ہے کہتم لوگ اپنی جنسی خواہش پوری کرنے کیلئے عورتوں کی بجائے مردوں کو استعمال کرتے ہو،تم لوگ تو بالکل ہی حد سے گزر...

اسلامی نظام معاشرت میں عدل اجتماعی کی اطلاقی معاشی نوعیت

There is no doubt that the economic system of Islam is stable and compassionate which is based on "Human Amity." This system and its features are utterly beneficial for humanity irrespective of their caste, creed, reigion and religion etc. The specialities of social justice that are applied in the economic field provide such comprehensive and versatile version which makes the utility of the economic system even more pertinent. The humanity can adopt this system to ensure their well-being and welfare. More importantly, as this system is based on economic justice rather equality, which means, it’s the natural system that depends on human capacities, efforts, innate necessities and abilities. The more a man strives, the more benefit he gets. However, it also sets out the principle of financing those who try hard but stay behind in the economic race. In addition, the fundamental philosophy of this system is to protect the economic rights of the society and provides resources to everyone for equitable economic struggle, with no discrimination. The economic systems around the world suffer from inflation and precariousness, while Social Justice proves to be a remedy to the said scenarios.

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Fraxinnus Xanthoxyloides Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Triazoles

The history of natural products is as ancient as human being and these are used to cure man since life started. Drugs either isolated or derivative of natural products has played a great role in pharmaceutical industries and specially obtained from plants. Plants have provided us some of the very important life saving drugs used in the armamentarium of modern medicine. The exploration of the chemical constituent of the plants and pharmaceutical screening may provide us the basis for developing the lead for development of novel agents. Among the estimated 400,000 plant species, only 6% have been studied for biological activity and about 15% have been investigated phytochemically. This inadvertently shows a need for the in-depth dissertation of various chemical constituents, medicinal viability, biological and pharmacological evaluation of plants. The Part A of the present Ph. D thesis deals with isolation of bioactive constituents from a medicinally important plant of Pakistan namely Fraxinus xanthoxyloides. The search for the new chemical agents is one of the most challenging tasks for the medicinal chemist. Similarly, the synthesis of high nitrogen containing heterocyclic systems has been attracting and increasing interest among the scientists over the past decade because of their utility in daily life. In recent years, the chemistry of triazoles and their fused heterocyclic derivatives has received considerable attention owing to their synthetic and effective biological importance. The presence of three nitrogen hetero-atoms in five membered ring systems defines an interesting class of compounds, the triazole. Therefore, the present thesis is presented in the following two parts. Part A Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Part B Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Triazoles

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