عمل سے زندگی بنتی ہے جنت بھی جہنم بھی
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
والعصر ان الانسان لفی خسر . الا الذین امنو وعملو الصلحت ط
صدر ِذی وقار اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع ملا ہے وہ ہے ڈاکٹر علا مہ محمد اقبال رحمۃ اللہ علیہ کے شعر کا مصرع:’’عمل سے زندگی بنتی ہے جنت بھی جہنم بھی‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
اگرچہ پڑھنے میں قاری کو ایک مصرع نظر آتا ہے۔ لیکن اپنے اندر مفا ہیم اور مطالب کا ایک جہان آباد کے ہوئے ہے۔ علامہ اقبال رحمۃ اللہ علیہ قوم کو خواب غفلت سے بیدار کرتے ہوئے فرماتے ہیں کہ عمل کے بغیر تصور زیست ممکن ہی نہیں، زندگی حرکت وعمل کا دوسرا نام ہے۔ اوربے عملی یا جمود کا دوسرا نام موت ہے، عمل سے ہی زندگی کا بگاڑ ہے، اورعمل سے ہی زندگی کا نکھار ہے۔ جام زندگی کے دوام کا راز گردش پیہم میں پوشیدہ ہے۔ بے عملی نہ صرف انسان کو کاہل ، سست اور کمزور بناتی ہے بلکہ بے یقین اور بزدل بھی بناتی ہے، اس کے برعکس عمل انسان کومستعد ،معتمد اور معزز بناتا ہے۔ اقبال کے الفاظ ہیں :
چلنے والے نکل گئے ہیں
جو ٹھہرے ذرا کچل گئے ہیں
کلام پاک میں یہ بات قسم اُٹھا کر بتائی جارہی ہے کہ انسان نقصان میں ہے لیکن جو لوگ ایمان لائے اور نیک کام کرتے ہیں وہ نقصان میں نہیں ۔معلوم ہوا کہ انسان کا انسانیت کی معراج پر فائز ہونابغیر عمل کے ممکن نہیں۔ بقول شاعر:۔
خود عمل تیرا ہے صورت گر تری تقدیر کا
شکوہ کرنا ہو تو اپنا کر مقدر کا نہ کر
جو انسان صاحب عمل ہوتا ہے وہ اپنے کسی کام...
COVID 19 is a recent and global pandemic. Preventive medicine is not very popular in Pakistan. With the limited resources, an average Pakistani would spend on a medical treatment rather than on a preventive drug. In Pakistan, booster shots are recently made available only to those who can pay for the cost of the vaccine. A Utilitarian approach has been adopted at various levels since the pandemic emerged by health care organizations and the government. The purpose was to maximize the benefits and minimize the risk of harm. It is the need of the hour to think about health equity and justice in a pluralistic way and refrain from initiating booster shots for elite of a resource-poor country. This pandemic will never end if a maximum number of people are not vaccinated in each country. This is only possible if there is an equitable distribution of vaccines.
This Ph.D. dissertation mainly focuses on the synthesis of various silver, gold and iron nanoparticles coated with commercially available drugs and compounds having sulfur group in their skeleton. These nanoparticles were investigated for their photophysical and biological applications. Cephradine coated silver nanoparticle were synthesized and their antibacterial effect against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains was evaluated. Fluconazole coated silver nanoparticles were synthesized and their selective interaction with amoxicillin was analyzed. Furthermore, their antibacterial effect was investigated against S. aureus which was used as a model strain for studying combine effect of amoxicillin on the bactericidal efficiency of fluconazole coated silver nanoparticles. Conjugation of silver with fluconazole enhanced the antifungal effect of resultant nanoparticles against fungi. These nanoparticles displayed synergistic effect in the presence of nystatin against fungal strains. We evaluated the detrimental effect of nanoclusters and nanoparticles stabilized by 3-(diphenylphosphino)propionic acid against biofilm of S. aureus and S. mutans. Results indicates that conjugation of 3-(diphenylphosphino)propionic acid with gold increases the antibiofilm potency against both strains. In comparison with nanoparticles, nanoclusters were found to be more potent. These nanoparticles were also utilized for sensing of pefloxacin mesylate. Tyrosine coated silver nanoparticles were synthesized and the nanoparticles showed selective recognition of chromate ion. Synthesis of metaxylylene diamine coated gold nanoparticles was performed and the synthesized nanoparticles were utilized as a sensor for Fe+3 ion. 2-Mercaptopropionyl glycine coated gold nanoparticle were synthesized and their signal transduction capability against pefloxacin mesylate was explored. Green synthetic protocol was used for the formulation of rutin coated gold and silver nanoparticles, and their antibiofilm potency against E. coli was evaluated by utilizing thirteen different drugs. The antibiofilm capability of devised nanoparticles was estimated. Synthesis of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles was performed and nanoparticle surface modification was done by grafting aminopropylsilane groups followed by coating of lactose and mannose functional moieties. These nanoparticles were employed for extraction of bacteria.