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Isolation, Identification and Encapsulation of Probiotics from Graps/Spinach and Biological Screening of Their Secondary Metabolites

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Naz, Humaira

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Peshawar

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Biotechnology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11221/1/Humaira%20Naz_Biotech_2018_UoPsw_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726552569

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Probiotics are living microorganisms that confers beneficial effects when taken in adequate amount. Probiotic are the organisms which possess beneficial effect when ingested by the host. Lactobacilli are an extremely important group of probiotic bacteria. The aim of this study is to isolate lactobacillus strains from Vitis vinifera and Spinacia oleracea with de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth to search for a new effective probiotic strains. Various strains of Lactobacilli identified and analysed for their probiotic properties including acid, salt tolerance and different fermentative test. The test sample showed significant activity against Escherichia coli (88%) Salmonella typhi (85%) and Staphylococcus aureus (84%). The test sample showed good (60%) phytotoxic activity against Lemna minor at 1000 µg/ml. To protect the isolated Lactobacillus strains encapsulation was done in the product’s environment to improve their survival. The results obtained from the different fractions of metabolites were selected for in vivo acute toxicity studies. The toxicological study revealed that the test samples are safe for animal use upto 800 mg/kg. The test sample showed dose dependent anti-nociceptive potentials, the significant effect was observed with 500 and 800 mg/kg b.w dose. The analgesic effect of diclofenac sodium (standard drug) was greater than test sample. The significant (P < 0.01) anti-nociceptive potentials was noticed at 800 mg/kg b.w. of the animal for normal saline (35.50 ± 0.84), chloroform (29.67 ± 1.22), ethyl acetate (30.67 ± 1.22) and (29.00 ± 0.93) chloroform fraction of L. plantarum secondary metabolites. The test sample reduced the motility of GIT in mice. The reduction in GIT motility is dose dependent and maximum effect was produced by 800 mg/kg dose. The test sample caused different degree of movement of charcoal meal in the intestine i.e. 24.17, 20.17 and 17.83cm at the tested doses of 200, 500 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. During isolation and characterization of chemical constituents (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one),(1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanehexol), (2-(3,4-dimetoxyphenyl)-5,7 dihydroxy-6-metoxy-4H chromen-4-one),(5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) 4H-chromen-4-one), (3S,3aS,5aR,9bS)-3,5a,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,5a,7,8 hexahydronaphtho [1,2-b]furan 2,6(3H,9bH)-dione. Further investigations would help in the suitability of this isolate for human consumption and domestic animals feeds formulations as important probiotic.
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اسلم ملک

                اسلم ملک (۱۹۳۱ء پ) سیالکوٹ کے محلہ دھارو وال میں پیدا ہوئے ۔(۱۰۴۱) نثر نگاری ان کی پہچان ہے لیکن اظہار کے لیے انھوں نے شاعری کا لطیف پیرایہ بھی استعمال کیا ہے۔ اسلم ملک نے بچوں کے ادب کو زیادہ اہمیت دی ہے۔ اس لیے ان کی شاعری کا بڑا حصہ بچوں کی شاعری پر محیط ہے۔اسلم ملک نے حمد سے نعت ،غزل نظم اور ہائیکو جیسی اصناف میں طبع آزمائی کی ہے۔ اسلم ملک کا شعری مجموعہ ’’خواب اور خوشبو‘‘شائع ہو چکاہے۔ تصوف اور عشقِ حقیقی اسلم ملک کی شاعری کا ایک بڑا موضوع ہے۔ اسلم ملک کے نزدیک صرف خدائے رحیم و کریم ،تعظیم ،عظمت اور تمہیدو ستائش کا حقدار ہے۔ لالہ و گل میں اس کی خوشبو ہے۔ اور سورج چاند ستاروں کی روشنی بھی اسی سے ہے کیونکہ وہ نور اور نور کا منبع ہے:

لالہ و گل میں جو خوشبو ہے فقط تری ہے

 

چاند ستاروں کی چمک میں بھی ہے فیضان تیرا

 

گیت تیرے ہی سناتے ہیں پرندے سارے

 

بزمِ قیمتی کا ہر اک فرد ثنا خواں تیرا

 

â۱۰۴۲)

>             اﷲ تعالیٰ ہی کل کائنات کا خالق و مالک ہے۔ یہ ساری خلقت اس کا کنبہ ہے۔ وہ ساری مخلوقات کا پروردگار ہے۔ عرش و فرش اس کے جلال سے بھرپور اور معمور ہے۔ وہ بنی نوع انسان کے ہر درد کا درماں اور ہر مشکل میں عقدہ کشا ہے۔ اسلم ملک اپنی ایک حمدیہ نظم میں انھی خیالات کا اظہار اس طرح سے کرتے ہیں:

تو خالق و مالک ارض و سما

 

1سبحان اﷲ ، سبحان...

A Review of Opinions of Scholars on Contemporary Issues and Future Plans for Interfaith Harmony

Interfaith harmony refers to the peaceful coexistence and cooperation between people of different religious beliefs. This abstract focuses on the need for interfaith harmony, the challenges that hinder it, and the way forward towards achieving it. The need for interfaith harmony arises from the diversity of religious beliefs and practices around the world, which can lead to misunderstanding, conflict, and violence. Interfaith harmony promotes mutual respect, understanding, and cooperation among people of different faiths, which can lead to a more peaceful and just society. However, achieving interfaith harmony is not without challenges. These challenges include ignorance, prejudice, fear, and mistrust among people of different faiths. There are also social, economic, and political factors that can contribute to the breakdown of interfaith relations. To overcome these challenges, there are several ways forward towards achieving interfaith harmony. These include education and awareness-raising initiatives that promote interfaith understanding and dialogue. There are also interfaith organizations that bring people of different faiths together for mutual cooperation and support. Additionally, there are political and legal measures that can protect the rights of religious minorities and ensure their full participation in society. In conclusion, interfaith harmony is essential for building a peaceful and just society. While there are challenges to achieving it, there are also ways forward towards promoting interfaith understanding, cooperation, and respect.

Modeling and Numerical Simulations of Some Fractional Nonlinear Viscoelastic Flow Problems

Modeling of viscoelastic flows in terms of fractional calculus is an inquisitive area in engineering and industry. The physical models with fractional operators in nonNewtonian fluid mechanics represent more realistic behavior of flows involving nonlinear complex dynamics. The efficiency is because of freedom to choose derivative of any order in the mathematical formulation of the flows. Non-integer derivatives are important for the systems having hereditary behavior as they depend on the past conditions along with the local conditions. Viscoelastic fluids keep memory of old deformations and their behavior is related to these deformations. The fractional derivatives are more adequate in predicting the characteristics of viscoelastic fluids than the ordinary derivatives. In literature linear flow problems, with non-integer derivatives are solved by classical transforms methods. Unfortunately, most of the viscoelastic fluids unlike Newtonian fluids, are not characterized by only one relation. Mathematical equations, for the viscoelastic fluid flows are highly nonlinear in nature. In most of situations, highly nonlinear PDEs cannot be solved exactly, by existing techniques. Literature survey indicates, that appropriate consideration is not given to the numerical solutions, of anomalous nonlinear flow problems with noninteger derivatives. In this study, we have modeled the viscoelastic flow problems via fractional calculus approach and considered numerical techniques using finite difference approximations along with ”L1 algorithm”to discretize non-integer derivatives of time and finite element, discretization is used for space variables, in order to solve the governing fractional viscoelastic models. Finally we have predicted the behavior of viscoelastic fluids that can be used directly for the simulations of industrial processes.