Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Isolation, Identification and Potential Assessment of Indigenous Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus for Control of Spodoptera Spp. on Cotton

Isolation, Identification and Potential Assessment of Indigenous Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus for Control of Spodoptera Spp. on Cotton

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Muhammad Bilal Ayyub

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Entomology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11579/1/Muhammad%20Bilal%20Ayyub%202019%20uaf%20fslbd%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726553030

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Microbial based insecticides have great potential for management of various agricultural insect pests. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of indigenous nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) for the management of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) on cotton. A field survey was conducted for collection of NPV infected larvae of S. litura with specific symptoms of polyhedrosis and soil samples were collected to observe the presence of NPV in the soil from four districts Faisalabad, Multan, Vehari and Bahawalpur. From 80 soil samples six samples were positive to S. litura NPV as those soil samples showed infection in S. litura larvae when mixed with artificial diet. Out of 38 collected NPV infected isolates (larvae) the best isolate (VHR4) showed maximum mortality in S. litura larvae in two screening experiments. The selected isolate was given the name V-SpltNPV and was multiplied for further experimentation. The V-SpltNPV identified by Giemsa stain under an inverted microscope. Concentrations of V-SpltNPV were prepared by dilution with distilled water and counted by hemocytometer under an inverted microscope. Efficacy of native isolate V-SpltNPV was compared with Indian commercial viral biopesticide SomstarTM- SL against 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of S. litura in laboratory. The cotton plant population were maintained in green house and used in bioassay studies. Cotton leaf discs were contaminated with various concentrations (1×108, 1×107, 1×106, 1×105 and 1×104 OBs/ml) of V-SpltNPV and SomstarTM- SL and offered to S. litura larvae. At highest concentration (1×108 OBs/ml) V-SpltNPV caused 88.08% mean mortality while SomstarTM- SL caused 61.12% of 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. LC50 and LC90 values of tested concentrations were increased with increase in larval age. The 2nd instar larvae were most susceptible than 3rd and 4th instar against all tested concentrations. In greenhouse experiment, the larval mortality was reduced to 52.63% and 37.89% for local isolate V-SpltNPV and SomstarTM- SL at highest concentration (1×108 OBs/ml) respectively on potted cotton plants. Similarly, the combination of viral formulations with spinosad showed higher mortality of S. litura larvae than alone application of tested concentrations. A combined application of spinosad with V-SpltNPV (1×108 OBs/ml) caused 100% mean mortality while combination of spinosad with SomstarTM- SL (1×108 OBs/ml) caused 78.94% mean mortality of 2nd instar larvae. All combinations used in experiment showed additive interaction. The heat stress reduced more than 50% efficacy of NPV isolates. Increase in heat stress decreased the activity of viruses in terms of larval mortality. However, combined application of V-SpltNPV with spinosad (after heat stress at 45°C) showed 75.87 % mean mortality of 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. Conclusively, local isolate V-SpltNPV proved best for the management of S. litura population alone and in combination with spinosad even after heat stress. The V-SpltNPV can be used in integrated manner with other integrated pest management tactics to significantly reduce the use the toxic chemical pesticides
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

تنقید کے اصول

موضوع4:تنقید کے اصول
تنقید کے اصول:
تنقید کے اصول اور طریقہ کار میں فرق ہے۔تنقید کے دو مروجہ طریقے ہیں:
• استخراجی طریقہ کار • استقرائی طریقہ کار
استخراجی طریقہ کار:
اس طریقہ کار میں کل سے جزویا عام سے خاص کی طرف جاتے ہیں۔مثلا تمام انسان فانی ہیں لہذابلال بھی فانی ہے۔
استقرائی طریقہ کار:
اس طریقہ کار میں جزو سے کل یا خاص سے عا م کی طرف جایا جاتا ہے۔مثلا خیبر پختونخواہ کے کوے کالے ہیں، پنجاب کے کوے کالے ہیں، بلوچستان کے کوے کالے ہیں لہذاپاکستان بھر کے کوے کالے ہیں۔
تنقید کے اصول
غیر جانبداری:
تنقید کا پہلا اصول غیر جانبداری ہے۔دوستی ،تعلق داری یا پیسے کی لالچ میں جانبداری کا مظاہرہ کرنا نہیں۔اصل نقاد غیر جانبداری کا مظاہر ہ کرتا ہے۔
محنت اور لگن سے کام:
نقاد ہمیشہ محنت سے کام کرتا ہے۔ اچھا نقاد کسی کتاب کو پڑھ کر ہی اس پر تنقید کر سکتا ہے اور رائے دے سکتا ہے۔
حقائق سے آگاہی:
نقاد کو حقیقتوں کا پتہ ہونا چاہیے مثلا انٹرنیٹ کے مسائل ہر جگہ پر ہیں۔ اس حقیقت کو مدنظر رکھ کر رائے دینی چاہیئے یعنی حقیقت پسند ہونا چاہیئے۔
مضمون پر عبور:
ایک نقاد کو اپنے مضمون پر بھرپور عبور ہونا چاہییمثلا نظم پر تنقید کرتے ہوئے نظم کی بنیادی چیزیں مثلا وزن، بحر، ردیف، قافیہ، مطلع، مقطع و?غیرہ کا پتہ ہونا چاہیئے۔ اسی طرح ناول پر تنقید کرنے کے لیے اس کے پلاٹ، موضوع، کردار نگاری،مکالمہ نگاری وغیرہ یعنی اس موضوع کی بنیادیں چیزوں سے آگاہ ہو۔
جرات اظہار:
ایک اچھے نقاد کے اندر جرات اظہارکا ہون ازحد ضروری ہے یعنی مصنف کے قد کاٹھ کو دیکھنے کی بجائے اس کے کام میں جہاں غلطی ہو اسے ببانگ دہل بیان کرسکے۔
شخصیت پرستی سے پرہیز:
نقاد کے لیے لازم ہے کہ وہ شخصیت پرستی سے...

اسلامی اخلاقیات واقدار کے فروغ میں خاندانی ماحول کا کردار؛معاصرانہ چیلنجز اور لائحہ عمل The role of family environment in the development of Islamic ethics and values, Contemporary challenges, and action plan

Islamic rules and moral values are unique in all aspects. The members of Muslim Ummah have always tried to promote them. At the national level, this duty was carried out by people at different levels whether they were teachers, businessmen or lay man of the society. At international level, some rulers, business professionals and religious leaders played their role. Man's first relationship is with family. This relationship is the cornerstone in the development of a personality.  There has been a lot of change taken place in the family system. In the past, due to the limited necessities of life the financial responsibility was limited to a few people. Media was not that advanced and bold and family members were loving and respectful. With the beginning of advance era, human needs were widened and to satisfy them, women started participating in economic activities along with men. Due to which the child was shifted from his home to day care centre, while the media gave birth to the social media, the stories of compassion and care in home became the past. In the present era, there is a dire need to remove these barriers that hinder the development of Islamic values through balance between income and expenditure, positive and moderate use of media and positive attitude in family. These issues will be discussed under the answers to the following questions. What is the role of family in the development of Islamic ethics? What are the problems faced by the family in the development of Islamic moral values? What are the solutions to the present-day problems?  

Synthesis of State Space Model for Human Cardiovascular System Using Bond Graph Approach

Cardio Vascular System (CVS) is a closed circulatory system responsible to provide the oxygenated blood to all the parts of the body and to collect the deoxygenated blood from all the parts of the body. It mainly consists of the heart, the blood vessels and the blood. It is one of the most important systems of the body and the heart being the chief organ; pumping the blood which carry all the vital nutrients to each and every cell of the body. The pumping action of the heart is regulated by a feedback mechanism called the baroreflex mechanism. Cardio Vascular diseases have a major impact worldwide; more than 55% of the total deaths in the world are due to malfunctioning of the CVS. Cardiovascular disease includes conditions that affect the structure or function of the heart, such as, coronary artery disease, heart attack, abnormal heart rhythms arrhythmias, heart failure, heart valve disease, congenital heart disease, heart muscle disease and many others too. Depending on the different malfunction conditions of the heart, artificial pumps and other invasive surgeries are proposed. The heart is a very vital organ and is also not easily accessible as it is located inside the ribcage. Due to this fact, the experimental monitoring of the functioning of the heart assist devices is impossible and is also life threatening. Therefore for proper designing of the required assistive devices, the very first requirement is the availability of proper mathematical model of the system which can clearly portrays the hemodynamic of the heart and can serve as an important test bed against which estimation and identification algorithms can be evaluated and controlled. A significant amount of valuable research work has already been undertaken regarding the mathematical modeling of the CVS and the baroreflex system. All these models cover many of the physiological characteristics but still there is a space for new strategies and improvement. The cardiac activity includes mechanical, hydraulic, chemical and electrical events; the modeling of such a multi domain system requires a unified modeling approach. The other limitations of the existing mathematical models may include the lack of cause effect relationship, complexity due to separate feedback loops, absence of fault diagnosis at element level etc. To overcome the above stated shortcomings in the existing models, a Bond Graph modeling approach to model the CVS and the baroreflex system has been proposed in this dissertation. The Bond Graph has proved to be an effective methodology for modeling the systems having subsystems of different physical nature. The benefit of using the Bond Graph for modeling is the ability to represent the circuits using flow, effort and energy conservation elements providing cause effect relationship. The fault diagnosis at element level also became possible. Consequently, in the Bond Graph technique there is a useful distinction between the reciprocal flow of influence inherent in the dynamics of the system and the feedback that arise by the design of system and therefore eliminates the complexity due to the separate feed back loops. Bond Graph modeling approach for the CVS was also proposed and presented by some researchers and had added remarkable contributions, but none of them analyzed the whole CVS on element basis and no idea was given for finding out the state space representation of the CVS using the cause-effect relation property of the Bond Graph. In this thesis, in addition to the complete Bond Graph model of the CVS and the baroreceptors, the time varying state space is also generated for these systems. The proposed state space model from the Bond Graph provides information about the internal state variables. The internal state variables are the smallest possible subset of the system that can represent the entire state of the system at any given time. Due to the in-depth analysis on element level and the information about the internal state variable the proposed model can provide a better platform for the CVS diagnostics, therapy selection, surgery and interventions.