’’ارضِ اقبال آ فاقیت کے آ ئینے میں‘‘ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد اسد کے تحقیقی وتنقیدی مضامین کا اولین تخلیقی مجموعہ ہے ۔اسے ابتدائی کاوش کے نقطہء نظر ہی سے دیکھتے ہیں تو ان کی محنت و لگن اور ادبی ذوق و شوق کی داد دینی پڑتی ہے کہ انہوں نے جس تن دہی سے اس کام کو پایۂ تکمیل تک پہنچایا ہے اسے مدنظر رکھتے ہوئے یہ بات پورے وثوق سے کہی جاسکتی ہے کہ خوب سے خوب کرنے کی جستجو ان کی فطرتِ ثانیہ ہے۔
اس کام کے حوالے سے ایک بات خاص طور پر یہ محسوس ہوئی کہ ان میں سیکھنے کا رویّہ قابل رشک حد تک پایا جاتا ہے اور وہ اپنے آ پ کو بہت کچھ سمجھنے کے خبط سے پاک ہیں اوریہ صرف ادب ہی سے خاص نہیں بلکہ زندگی کا کوئی بھی شعبہ ہو ترقی کی بنیاد یہی رویہ ہے۔چنانچہ جس انداز سے وہ سفر شوق طے کر رہے ہیں امید ہے کہ ایک دن یہ نام ادبی حوالہ ہو گا۔
ان کے مقالات میں تنقیدی اور تقابلی مطالعہ اپنے تہذیبی و ثقافتی پس منظر سے اُبھرتا ہےاور وہ افراد اور رویّوں ہر دو میں اشتراکات اور اختلافات اور مستقبل کے امکانات کو اپنی روایت میں شناخت کرتے اور قدر کا تعیّن کرتے ہیں۔
ڈاکٹر سید عامر سہیل
چئیر مین شعبہ اردو ، اسلامیہ یونیورسٹی، بہاولپور
This fact is quite obvious from Quran o Sunnah that Islam is a religion of peace and provides guarantee of protection of life, property and self respect to the all members of society without any discrimination of colour, race and religion. It is the duty of an Islamic State to provide protection to the basic rights of all minorities. Holy Prophetﷺ said: "Beware! Whoever is cruel and harsh to a non-muslims minority, curtailing their rights, overburdening them or stealing from them, I will complain (to God) about that person on the day of judgement." Islam seeks to establish such a society where all citizens of the state enjoy equal rights and religion doesn't become the basis from any discrimination. Islamic law holds both muslims and non-muslims equal and no superiority or privilege is given to the muslims on any ground.
This study presents findings of a small-scale action research carried out in one of the private schools of Gilgit-Baltistan. The study was conducted in a chemistry classroom with Grade 9 students and the class teacher. The research explored how practical work, in Grade 9 chemistry facilitates students' conceptual understanding of the selected concepts (States of Matter). The study was conducted over five weeks in two cycles. In the reconnaissance stage, two classes were observed, a pre-test, a focused group interview of six students and an interview of the teacher was taken. In cycles 1 and 2, the chemistry teacher and I planned and taught six lessons using this strategy. Data was collected through classroom observations, interviews and pre and post-test. The findings of the study revealed that students started getting familiarized with practical work; as a result there was a shift from a teacher directed class to a student led class. In the teacher directed class, the students did practical work according to the teachers' instructions. However, at the end of the 6th lessons, students developed the process skills i.e. investigated the topic, observed the process accurately, collected the data, and drew conclusions. The findings of the study also showed a considerable progression in terms of a shift from individual work to Collaborative work, resulting in confidence building and a shift from memorizing to engaging in practical science. Moreover, the significant difference (p < 0.001) in paired sample t-test showed a positive impact of the intervention on students learning. The study highlighted time, teacher and students' misconceptions, lack of laboratory resources, space, and students' lack of self-confidence as challenges in implementing practical work in the classroom. However, cognizant to its significance the study has implications for school in terms of students' better learning and effective teaching. Therefore, schools need to relook its method of teaching from theory to practices and teacher need to change their theoretical based teaching to practical based teaching.