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Kinetic Study and Reactor Simulation of Methycyclohexane Dehydrogenation Reaction for a Mobile Power Plant

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhamamd Sarfraz Akram

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemical Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12836/1/Muhammad%20Sarfraz%20Akram_Chemical%20Engg_2018_UoPunjab_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726568457

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Fossil fuels are a major contributor to the today’s world energy demand as well as greenhouse gases causing global warming. The idea to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels for a green future needs a stepwise transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources. Among the various renewable sources hydrogen is probably the most promising alternative due to its availability, high heating value per unit weight, and zero emissions. The only challenge associated with hydrogen is its safe and feasible storage. The methylcyclohexane-toluene-hydrogen (MTH) system is the one that is considered safe and economical option for hydrogen production, storage and transportation, and utilization. The dehydrogenation reaction of the MTH system is highly endothermic and requires considerable amount of heat energy at a fast rate to have high equilibrium conversions. The successful utilization of hydrogen economy based on the MTH system therefore requires a highly active, selective, and stable dehydrogenation catalyst with its associated reaction kinetics. An intensified dehydrogenation reactor design that supplies high rates of heat transfer to the catalyst bed is also desired. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding kinetics of the methylcyclohexane (MCH) dehydrogenation over Pt containing catalysts has revealed that there is no consensus among the researchers on describing the reaction mechanism, rate-determining step, and inhibition offered by a product. Different researchers have suggested different reaction chemistry and developed different kinetic rate equation. There is hardly a study on the design and simulation of an intensified dehydrogenation reactor that is capable of being used on commercial scale applications. In the present study, an attempt is made to address the discrepancies in the kinetics of the MCH dehydrogenation that exist in the literature. The experimental data of 5 different Pt containing catalysts over a wide range of operating conditions is used to conduct a detailed kinetic study of the dehydrogenation reaction. Various kinetic models are developed based on the power law, Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW), and Horiuti-Polanyi reaction mechanism. The developed kinetic model equations are analyzed both kinetically and statistically and the best fitted kinetic model for each of the catalysts is worked out. The kinetic model based on single-site LHHW kinetics where loss of first hydrogen is the rate limiting step is found appropriate in representing the data of all the catalysts. This leads to report a unified kinetic model for the methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation reaction over any Pt containing catalyst. In addition to that, a new reaction mechanism called associative adsorption of methylcyclohexane is proposed and a kinetic model equation developed based on this mechanism is found successful in representing the relevant experimental data. A 2.0 MW power plant, working on the methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation reaction to yield hydrogen gas as fuel for the power production, is proposed and simulated in Aspen Hysys. The operating conditions such as stream flowrates, temperatures, pressures, and thermal efficiency are worked out. It is found that 17.4148 kmol/h methylcyclohexane are required to produce 2.0 MW net power output. Also, it is found that there is enough energy in the exhaust gases of the turbine that can carry out the dehydrogenation reaction. Using the best-fit kinetic model and the simulation data obtained for 2.0 MW power plant, a novel reactor-heat exchanger design is mathematically modeled and simulated. The proposed reactor configuration is found highly appropriate in carrying out the dehydrogenation reaction.
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مولانا عبدالسلام قدوائی

آہ مولانا عبدالسلام قدوائی!
آنکھیں اشکبار ہیں، دل اندوہ و غم کا جوئبار ہے، جب یہ قلم فگار ہوکر لکھ رہا ہے کہ مولانا عبداسلام قدوائی جو دارالمصنفین کی علمی اور نجی مجلسوں کی رونق، عزت اور آبرو تھے، ہم سب کو چھوڑ کر یکایک آغوش رحمت الٰہی میں چلے گئے۔
وہ ۱۹۷۵؁ء میں دارالمصنفین اس وقت آئے جب جناب شاہ معین الدین احمد ندوی سابق ناظم دارالمصنفین کی رحلت سے یہاں کا پتہ پتہ، بوٹا بوٹا سوگوار اور بے رونق ہورہا تھا، وہ یہاں آئے تو اپنے جلو میں علامہ شبلیؒ کی بے پناہ عظمت، اپنے استاد مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کی غیر معمولی عقیدت، جناب شاہ معین الدین احمد ندوی مرحوم کی شخصیت سے اپنی مخلصانہ محبت اور خود اپنی ذات کی لینت، مروت اور ملاطفت کا لشکر ساتھ لائے اور اس راقم سے ایسے گھل مل گئے کہ ہم دونوں کے درمیان شیروشہد کی کوثر بہتی نظر آنے لگی، ان کی آمد سے دارالمصنفین کی سرگرمیوں میں شادابی، اس کی امیدوں کے پھولوں میں رعنائی اور اس کی تمناؤں کے مرغزاروں میں دل فریبی پیدا ہونے لگی، مگر معلوم نہیں مصلحتِ خداوندی کیا تھی کہ دارالمصنفین کے رفقاء ان کی علمی بصیرت اور بزرگانہ الفت سے ہر طرح کا استفادہ کررہے تھے کہ وہ اچانک دائمی طور پر ان سے جدا ہوگئے، وہ ۲۷؍ رمضان المبارک کو تراویح پڑھ کر اور تہجد اور فجر کی نماز ادا کرکے چار بجے صبح اعظم گڑھ سے اپنے وطن تُھلنیڈی ضلع رائے بریلی عید منانے روانہ ہوئے، وہاں پہنچنے کے دوسرے روز سحری کے وقت اٹھے، یکایک بیہوش ہوئے اور جمعہ کے روز گیارہ بجے دن کو اﷲ کو پیارے ہوگئے، دوسرے دن عید کی نماز کے بعد ان کی طالب علمی کے محبوب اور شفیق ترین ساتھی اور اسلامی ممالک کے فاضل اجل مولانا سیدابوالحسن علی...

نصاب سازی میں تربیتی واخلاقی جہات: عصری ترجیحات اور فقہ السیرۃ

For the development of Muslim society it is necessary that its people should be trained on the basis of Islamic teachings. This could not be possible until we design a curriculum of seerah which is according to the contemporary needs of character building. The purpose of designing such curriculum is to train our youth in such a way that they would be able not only to take advantage from our rich tradition but also they are well prepared to hold the leadership of the country. We have to keep in mind, while designing seerah curriculum, that it is not revealed. Infact we have to design it according to the needs of hour. If we keep in consideration the ideological and contemporary requisites than we would be able to get the desired results. Islam provides basic principals in this regard. Following these instructions we would be able to design a curriculum which produced the required results.

Plant Growth and Proteome Stability of Wheat under Salt Stress Using Elevated Potassium Fertilization

Salinity is one of the major soil problems that limits the crop growth and productivity to great extent. Increased amount of soluble salts cause osmotic stress and excessive sodium (Na+) leads to sodicity that deteriorate the soil structure and cause toxicity to plants. Potassium (K+) is an important macronutrient essential for enzyme activation, osmoregulation and charge balance in the plant cell. Higher concentration of Na+ in nutrient medium decreases K+ uptake and increases Na+ uptake by plants. Therefore under sodic or saline-sodic conditions K+/Na+ ratio in plant tissue is decreased affecting enzyme activities, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and other metabolic activities. Elevated K-fertilization under Na+ stress may improve the K+/Na+ ratio in plant tissue improving plant metabolism under saline-sodic condition. Na+-K+ interaction in saline- sodic soils was studied in light and heavy textured soils. Different levels of Na+ stress was applied to developed higher SAR of the soil using NaCl. Na+-K+ dynamics was compared with naturally salt affected soils at elevated K-fertilization. Effect of elevated K- fertilization on wheat crop growth, distribution of Na+ and K+ in different parts of the plants, subcellular Na+-K+ homeostasis of wheat under Na+ stress and proteome stability was determined in soil and hydroponic studies. Plant growth, physiological and chemical attributes, yield was significantly reduced under salt stress while application of elevated potassium fertilization improved growth and yield parameters. Application of elevated K fertilization mitigate osmotic, ionic and oxidative stress under saline condition improving subcellular K+/Na+ ratio. Elevated potassium fertilization improved proteome stability under salt stress decreasing the change in number of proteins changed by salt stress. This study suggest that K application could enhance wheat growth and yield by mitigating the deleterious effects of salt stress to a certain level at specific condition.