ارشادڈیروی تے عصری شعور
اجوکے سمے دیاں دیاں مشہور اصناف سخن وچوں غزل اک اجیہی صنف سخن اے ، جس دے وچ سب توں ود ھ طبع آزمائی ہو رہی اے ۔ایس صنف وچ نویں نویں تجربے ہو رہے نیں تے نویں سرنانویاں نوںایس صنف راہیں بیان کیتا جا رھا اے ۔غزل دا ہر شعر اپنی تھاں اک مکمل اکائی ہو ندا اے ۔۔اوہدے وچ شاعر اپنی فکر تخیل یاں جذبہ مکمل طور تے بیان کریندا اے ۔ایس پاروں کچھ نقاداں نے ایس نوں ’’منتشر الخیال ‘‘صنف آکھیا اے ۔(۱)کیوں جے ایہدے وچ نظم ونگوں خیالا ں دا ربط تے تسلسل نہیں ہو ندا۔ایس دے باوجود غزل دے سارے شعر قافیہ تے ردیف دے داخلی دھاگے نال اک دوجے نال جڑے ہو ندے نیں ۔ڈاکٹر وزیر آغا دا خیال اے :
’’غزل کا ہر شعر ایک ایسا جزو ہے جو غزل کا حصہ ہو نے کے باوجود اس سے جد ا بھی ہے ۔ہر شعر ایک الگ حیثیت کا حامل ہے لیکن اس کے باوجود وصف غزل کے دھاگے سے منسلک بھی ہیں ۔‘‘(۲)
غزل واسطے سرنانویاں دی کوئی پابندی نہیں ہو ندی ۔ایس لئی ایہدے وچ حسن تے عشق ،جوانی تے بڑھاپا ،زمین تے آسمان ،سماج تے معاشرہ ،ریاست تے سیاست ،علم تے فن یعنی ہر قسم دے خیالات وکھو وکھ شعر اں وچ بیان کیتے جا سکدے نیں ۔پر اوہناں ساریا نوں ایک دوجے نال جوڑ کے رکھن لئی اک مخصوص داخلی رنگ،مخصوص جذبے تے احساس دی لوڑ اے ۔انج تد ای ہو سکداے جدوں شاعر حیاتی دے سبھے خارجی منظراں نو ں اپنی ذات تے فکر دا حصہ بنا لوے ۔اوہناں نوں شعراں دے روپ وچ ڈھالدیاں ہویاں اوہ اپنی ذات توں وکھریاں نہ کرے ۔سگوں اپنی ہڈو ورتی بنا کے پیش کرے ۔شاعر غزل...
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the top most cause of morality around the world. It is predicted that the number casualties from CVDs will increase to more than 24 million till 2030 people. Medicinal plants provide the major raw materials for medicine preparations. They are gaining high consideration due to their effectiveness and increasing cost of modern medicines. Many successful drugs are plant based, including aspirin from the willow bark, morphine from opium poppy, quinine from the cinchona bark, and digoxin from the foxglove. According to World Health Organization (WTO), ~70% to 80% of people around the world rely on herbal sources for the treatment of their disease. Plant sources are endorsed due to the fact that they contain an optimal amount of antioxidants and phytochemicals that help to avoid and treat many diseases. Phoenix dactylifera L. Particularly Ajwa variety, is the most rich in phytonutrientsthat can benefit to control many cardiovascular diseases. It contains6 vitamins (vitamin A, C, B1, B2, B3 &riboflavin), high amount of fibers, Potassium, Magnesium and 23 amino acids which play a healthy role towards hypertension, muscular contractions, and blood pressure control. It has been studied that Niacin (B3) helps to control cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels (LDL), as high cholesterol is the one of the main cause of cardiovascular diseases so, Ajwa could be a vital regulatory source. According to the findings of Sabbah M. Et al, Ajwa extracts significantly improved the DNA integrity and also reduced the cardiomyocytes congestion, edema and the cellular stress wielded on cardiac muscles resulting the restoration of cardiomyocytes architecture in Doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Research done by Alqarni et al, proves that Ajwa extracts has successfully decreased the LDL‐C, VLDL‐C, and triglycerides concentration. Additionally, treatment with ajwa pulp also improved the HDL‐C level and antioxidant enzymes activity. In another invivo study, Ajwa preparation has successfullydecreased the diclofenac-induced pulmonary and hepatic instabilities. Vitamin-K play important role in blood coagulation, and in case of anticoagulant therapy, activity of vitamin-K controlled by drugs (warfarin) that sometimes causes serious side effects. According to the reported data, Salicylic acid is the vitamin-K antagonist and has capability to block the action of vitamin K during the coagulation pathway. Dates contain ~3.75 to 4.50 mg/100 g of salicylic acid. Thus, providing anticoagulation effect too. So, the limelight of the reported data provides an enough reason that plants can be used as primary source of drug designing for the cardiovascular disease. They hold true momentum to address the increasing healthdiseases, which cannot be lost to distraction or apathy. Fight against the burden of CDVs, is affecting all countries and specially, under developing and the poor countries.
Most of the farmers grow sorghum by traditional soaking for some hours, they did not know about priming and appropriate soaking time. The present studies to determine the effect of nitrogen and seed priming on forage yield and quality of sorghum cultivars were conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. One wire house and two field experiments were conducted for this study. Wire house experiment was conducted in pots and was laid out in completely randomized design with three replicates. Both the field experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement using three replicates. In the wire house experiment sorghum genotypes (Hegari, Sadabahar, PC-1, JS- 263, JS-2002, F-9917, F-2022) and priming techniques (Non-primed, CaCl 2 , hydropriming, KNO 3 and on-farm priming) were screened out for better emergence. The response of four best performed cultivars (F-9917, Hegari, JS-263 and JS-2002) to best priming techniques i.e. on- farm priming, Hydropriming, KNO 3 and CaCl 2 in wire house experiment was studied in 1st field experiment. In the second field experiment interactive effects of four nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80 and120 Kg ha-1) and priming techniques (Non-primed, CaCl 2 , hydropriming, KNO 3 and on-farm priming) on sorghum cultivar JS-2002 were studied. Results of experiments showed that seed priming reduced the time to start emergence, time taken to 50 % emergence, mean emergence time and increased the energy of emergence, final emergence percentage, emergence count, fresh weight and dry weight per plant in wire house and field experiments. Priming improved the nitrogen uptake, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and crude protein, but negatively influenced the fat contents in both field experiments. Among all the priming techniques CaCl 2 proved better for most of the parameters mentioned above. Varieties differed significantly from one another for time to start emergence, time taken to 50% emergence, energy of emergence and final emergence percentage in the wire house experiment, but showed no effect under field conditions on time to start emergence, time taken to 50% emergence and mean emergence time. In the first field experiment cultivars differed for emergence count, coefficient of uniformity of emergence, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight per plant, dry weight per plant, stand density at final harvest, forage yield, dry matter yield and nitrogen uptake. Varieties also differed for physiological and quality attributes. The interaction was found non-significant for all parameters. Cultivar JS-2002 performed better than all other cultivars for growth, yield and quality attributes. In the second field experiment nitrogen levels did not show any impact on emergence parameters of sorghum, but significantly improved the forage yield and maximum yield was recorded at nitrogen level of 120 kg ha-1 did not differ significantly from 80 kg ha-1. The increase in yield was mainly due to greater plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area plant-1. The physiological parameters like leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were improved by nitrogen application. The quality parameters i.e. crude protein, crude fibre and total ash were also significantly improved by nitrogen application. The increase in nitrogen application decreased the ether extractable fat contents. The interactions were not significant for all parameters recorded in field experiments.