پروفیسر عثمان ادہمی
یہ خبر بڑے رنج و غم کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ ۱۵؍ مارچ کو دہلی میں پروفیسر عثمان ادہمی کا انتقال ہوگیا ان کا آبائی وطن بستی تھا مگر انہوں نے علی گڑھ میں اپنا مکان تعمیر کرالیا تھا، وہ مسلم یونیورسٹی میں حیاتیات کے پروفیسر تھے۔ ان کی علمی اور تنظیمی صلاحیتوں کا اس وقت زیادہ اندازہ ہوا جب وہ سید حامد صاحب کی وائس چانسلری کے زمانے میں پراکٹر تھے اور غالباً انہی کی تحریک اور جناب حکیم عبدالمجید صاحب کی خواہش پر ادہمی صاحب یونیورسٹی سے سبکدوش ہو کر ہمدرد اسٹڈی سرکل کے ڈائریکڑ ہوئے، ان کی اور سید صاحب کی مشترکہ جدوجہد سے اس کوچنگ سنٹر سے گزشتہ چھ برسوں میں ستر (۷۰) آئی۔اے۔ایس منتخب ہوئے جو ایک بڑا کارنامہ ہے، وہ مولانا آزاد میموریل اکادمی کے صدر بھی تھے جو ایک زمانے میں ان کی جدوجہد سے سرگرم رہی، ادہمی صاحب ایک شریف انسان اور قوم و ملت کے خاموش اور مخلص خادم تھے، وہ نام و نمود اور صلہ و ستائش سے ہمیشہ بے پرواہ رہے۔ ان کی ذاتی زندگی بھی صاف اور پاکیزہ تھی۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے، متعلقین کو صبر جمیل دے اور ہمدرد اسٹڈی سرکل اور قوم کو ان کا نعم البدل عطا فرمائے۔ آمین! (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، اپریل ۱۹۹۷ء)
This study explores Western parameters and principles of freedom of expression from an Islamic perspective. Western thought advocates infinite freedom of speech but it also has some regulations, limits and restraints. Every Western human rights instrument and convention guarantee freedom of expression, but in fact, the excess of freedom is bringing the society to a harsh kind of clash and conflict. In simple words, freedom without sufficient legal and moral restrictions cannot be managed. It is also observed that without strict legal and moral boundaries, it cannot become fruitful for the state and society. Even the Western world, which is representative of maximum freedom of speech, also bounds freedom of expression with some parameters and restrictions. However, it is propagated that the Western laws provide outclass freedom of expression and speech. The actual situation is not as good as it is expressed, because on one hand, the international instruments provide freedom of speech and on the other, they limit it through certain laws. It means freedom of expression is not free of boundaries in the West also. In other words, it is only a mythology and controlled propaganda that the Western thought and civilization provides absolute and unlimited freedom of expression and press in their countries. Instead, Islamic teachings categorically agree to provide the right to freedom of expression but on the other hand, it binds them with some social, moral and legal boundaries to save the society from any kind of clash and conflict. It is perceived Western legal instruments limit freedom of expression with some legal boundaries and laws rather than ethics and morals. It is recommended on behalf of this study that the Western world also puts moral and religious boundaries on freedom of expression for its safety. An analytical & critical approach with qualitative research methodology is adopted in the study.
ABSTRACT Background Any impairment of the balance system leads to not only increased fall frequency but also a high risk of fall in elder population. Multiple risks have been identified that may cause balance impairment and ultimately falls. Prophylactic balance training is profoundly recommended in this population. Purpose of study This study was conducted to determine the effects of conventional and dynamic training for recovery of balance to prevent risk of fall and improving mobility in older individuals. Methodology A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted at Foundation University Institute of rehabilitation sciences, in collaboration with physical medicine and rehabilitation department, Fauji Foundation hospital Rawalpindi. 105 volunteers were recruited on the basis of non-probability convenience sampling technique and were randomly assigned three groups (n=35 each). Inclusion criteria included healthy individuals of both genders with a minimum age of 50 years. The first group was the Dynamic Postural Training Group (DPTG) which was provided with balance training on dynamic postural stability training system. The second group, i.e. Conventional Balance Training Group (CBTG) was provided with conventional balance training. The third group, No Intervention Group (NIG) did not undergo any training. Balance training was given thrice a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Session lasted for 30 to 45 minutes each. Initial assessment was done before training and follow-up assessments were performed every 2 weeks. Data was collected using fall risk score via Biodex balance system SD, the berg balance scale, functional reach test, and timed up and go test. Results Mean age was 62.06 ± 6.60 years with gender distribution of 36.3 % (n=33) males and 63.7% (n=58) females. Mean weight, height and BMI of sample population was computed as 73.60 ± 8.70 kg, 1.63 ± 0.07 m and 27.95 ± 3.74 kg/m2 respectively with no significant between-group differences. Significant difference (P score<0.05) found among groups after week 8 assessment on berg balance scale score, functional reach test, timed up and go test, and fall risk scores. Data analyses within groups showed substantial improvement in dynamic postural training group and conventional group (P<0.001). Conclusion Both dynamic postural balance training and conventional training are effective in fall risk reduction and improving mobility among the elderly though dynamic postural balance training was found to be superior.