Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Labeling of Graphs and Hypergraphs

Labeling of Graphs and Hypergraphs

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Javaid, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Mathemaics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2304/1/2526S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726572472

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


An undirected graph G is said to be simple if it has no multi-edges and self-loops. If G is connected and has no cycles, it is called an acyclic graph or simply a tree. Labeling (or valuation) of a graph is a map that carries graph elements (vertices and edges) to numbers (usually positive integers). If a labeling uses the vertex-set (edge-set) only then it becomes a vertex-labeling (an edge-labeling), respectively. Labeling is called total if the domain consists of both vertex and edge sets. There are many types of graph labeling but this study emphasizes on antimagic and odd graceful labelings. Kotzig and Rosa have conjectured in a paper that every tree is edge-magic. Later on, Enomoto, Llado, Nakamigawa and Ringel have proposed the conjecture that every tree is a super (a, d)-edge-antimagic total graph when d = 0. Lee and Shah tried to prove this conjecture using computer but failed, they were able to verify it on trees of at most seventeen vertices. The current study is mainly devoted to investigate a super (a, d)-edge-antimagic total labeling of various subclasses of trees: subdivided stars, subdivided caterpillars and exten- ded w-trees. It is also proved that for different values of d the disjoint union of isomorphic and non-isomorphic copies of extended w-trees are super (a, d)-edge-antimagic total. Moreover, the existence of an odd graceful labeling is determined on disjoint union of cycles and paths. Hypergraphs are natural extension of graphs in which elements correspond to nodes (vertices), sets correspond to the edges which are allowed to connect more than two nodes. In this dissertation, a general idea related to the construction of linear h-uniform star hypergraphs is given and it is proved that disjoint union of h-uniform star hypergraphs admits an antimagic vertex labeling.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

ڈگدا ڈھاندا اٹھدا بہندا

ڈگدا ڈھاندا اٹھدا بہندا
در تیرے تے ٹھڈے کھاندا
تیرا در ہے خانہ کعبہ
نت طواف کرن نوں جاندا
ہکو سک ملن دی دل وچ
نہ کجھ پیندا نہ کجھ کھاندا
چار چوفیرے غم دے گھیرے
ہجر فراق دلے نوں کھاندا
موت تے زندگی دو حرف نیں
ہک ساہ آندا، ہک ساہ جاندا

لکھ درود سلام نبیؐ تے
روز محشر امت بخشاندا
اوہندے چار چوفیرے برکت
رحمت دا دریا بہاندا
حب شراب نبیؐ دی مینوں
لوکاں وچ میخوار سداندا
جیہڑا یار دا ہو کے رہندا
آخر کار اوہ رتبے پاندا
حج دا رتبہ اوہنوں ملسی
دکھیاں نوں جو گل نال لاندا
آخر سکھ ملن گے اس نوں
جیہڑا پنڈ دکھاں دی چاندا
سک حنیف ملن دی رہ گئی
کدی تاں سد کے کول بٹھاندا

علم و تربیت كا باہمی ربط و تعلق

Education and practical orientation are both significantly interlinked. Education without practical training stands mere theory having no connection with life. Practical orientation without education carries no meaning. Islamic system of life seeks to espouse both education and training. The Prophet (s. a. w.) educated his people theoretically as well as trained them practically. What ever he did in this regard constitute Islamic principles for human life. Curricula of educational institutions need to be developed with a view to making students knowledgeable on the one hand and upholders ofIslamic virtues in their practical life on the other. The present paper is aimed at highlighting the co-relationship between the education and practical orientation, proving beyond doubt that isolation of one from the other is too damaging to imagine

On Spacetime Symmetries in General Relativity and Teleparallel Gravity

In this thesis we have investigated Killing, homothetic and conformal Killing vectors for some well known spacetimes. Conformal Killing vectors are in- vestigated for locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type V, static and non static plane symmetric spacetimes in the context of general rel- ativity as well as teleparallel gravity, while Killing and homothetic vec- tors are explored for Kantowski-Sachs, Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) and 3-dimensional static circularly symmetric spacetimes in the framework of teleparallel gravity. In general relativity, it is shown that Bianchi type V, static and non static plane symmetric spacetimes admit proper conformal Killing vectors for some specific values of the metric functions. In teleparallel gravity, it is observed that the LRS Bianchi type V space- times do not admit proper teleparallel conformal Killing vectors. Further, the number of proper teleparallel conformal Killing vectors for static and non static plane symmetric spacetimes turned out to be one or three for different choices of the metric functions. Moreover, it is shown that the Kanstowski-Sachs and LTB metrics do not admit any proper teleparallel homothetic vector. The maximum number of teleparallel Killing vectors for Kantowski-Sachs spacetimes turned out to be seven, while for LTB metric, this maximum number is found to be six. Finally, our analysis shows that the 3-dimensional static circularly sym- metric spacetimes admit a proper teleparallel homothetic vector in only one case, while the maximum number of teleparallel Killing vectors for these spacetimes is found to be six.