مولانا بدر عالم میرٹھی
دوسرا حادثہ مولانا بدر عالم صاحب میرٹھی کی وفات کا ہے، مرحوم مولانا سید محمد انور شاہ کاشمیری رحمہ اﷲ کے شاگرد رشید اور ہندوستان کے ممتاز عالم تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی دینی علوم خصوصاً حدیث نبوی کی خدمت، اس کی تعلیم و تدریس اور اس سے متعلق تالیف و تصنیف میں گزری، مختلف اوقات میں دارالعلوم دیوبند اور مدرسہ ڈابھیل کے مدرس رہے، کچھ دنوں تک ندوۃ المصنفین سے بھی تعلق رہا، پھر ہجرت کرکے پاکستان چلے گئے، وہاں بھی درس و افاضہ کا سلسلہ جاری رہا، چند برسوں کے بعد دیار حبیب کی کشش مدینہ طیبہ کھنچ لے گئی اور دس بارہ سال تک جوار رسول میں حدیث رسول کی خدمت انجام دیتے رہے، بالآخر اس آستانہ پر گزشتہ اکتوبر میں جان دی، سلوک و تصوف کا بھی وافر حصہ ملا تھا، ان کے دوبڑے علمی و دینی کارنامے ہیں، مولانا انور شاہؒ کے درس بخاری کی تقریروں کی جمع و تدوین جو فیض الباری کے نام سے مصر سے چھپ کر شائع ہوچکی ہے۔ اردو میں ترجمان السنۃ کی ضخیم جلدیں جو ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی سے شائع ہوئی ہیں، ان کی وفات سے ایک بڑی علمی و دینی شخصیت اٹھ گئی، اﷲ تعالیٰ صاحب حدیث صلی اﷲ علیہ وسلم کے طفیل میں حدیث و سنت کے اس خدمت گزار کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۶۵ء)
The first ever educational institute established by the Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) at Masjid al-Nabawī was known as “al-Ṣuffah”. In the present world, both the Islamic religious institutes (Madāris) and the secular educational institutes can play a vital role for the promotion of peace in the society. In the perspective of the subcontinent, both, the Dāru’l ‘Ulūm Deoband and the ‘Alī Gaṛh University produced peace loving people, who later achieved freedom for the Muslims of south Asia. The Pakistani secular schools are mostly peace loving. They are producing human resources, which are ruling and serving the country. On the other hand, the religious schools have become the hub of religious extremism. However, such fanatics are found in both the educational systems. Learn to (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet our of Sunnah the follow to need We the lesson of peace from the examples of the conquest of Makkah, the battle of the trench and from Mīthāq al-Madīnah and many other. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet the by peace for taken steps
The ongoing climatic changes and the global warming have intrigued researchers to explore the impact of different policies on the environmental quality. In this study, we focus on the question as to whether freer trade policy is compatible with environmental quality standards. There is no simple pattern of the association between the trade and environmental quality. The main objectives are to construct an index of Trade Liberalization Policy, to investigate the role of the trade liberalization in the environmental quality by decomposing the scale, composition and technique effect and to explore the additional social and institutional channels through which trade liberalization may cause environmental quality. The estimated empirical findings regarding the effects of the trade liberalization policy on imports and exports are strong and robust in different model specifications. Reductions in export and import duties have a significant positive effect on imports and exports of the panel countries with the overall impact on imports being greater than exports, while the liberalized trade regime has a significant positive influence on expanding trade volumes. The empirical findings reveal a mixed but moderate effect of the trade liberalization policy on the environmental quality. Trade liberalization policy appears to affect environmental quality differently through different channels. The net affect also varies across different pollutants. The trade liberalization policy has a detrimental effect on the environmental quality, through six out of ten channels. The channels which appear damaging to the environment include scale effect, energy use, manufacturing, democracy, poverty and xvii foreign direct investment. However, the trade policy liberalization benefits environment through four channels which include technique/income effect, physical capital, human capital and control over corruption. The net impact of liberalized trade policies is detrimental to the environment in case of carbon dioxide and composite index of emissions. However, in case of sulfur dioxide emissions, the overall net impact appears beneficial to the environment by lowering the SO2 emissions. This study has also examined the performance of the model by applying standard forecasting techniques such as within-sample and out-of-sample forecasts. The findings demonstrate that the model tracks data well and has very small mean prediction errors. The Theil’s Inequality Coefficient (TIC) also approaches zero in almost all cases. Thus the model can be used as a tool for carrying out structural analysis, forecasting and policy evaluation. Overall, in the trade-environment nexus, this study justifies the ambiguity regarding the impact of the freer trade on the environmental quality through different channels offering opposing effects. The findings of the present study necessitate the policy formulation to be multi-dimensional for dealing with simultaneously occurring positive and negative impacts.