In this thesis, the Pakistan‟s first ever magneto optical trap has been designed, developed and studied with cesium atoms in a vapor cell. Keeping the density of background cesium atoms fixed, the trap performance depends upon the magneto-optical operating parameters, i.e. the intensity and detuning of the trap laser and the gradient ⃗⃗ of the quadrupole magnetic field, since these parameters determine the radiative force ( ) acting upon the atoms. In the present work, the trap dynamics of the cesium MOT has been investigated as a function of trap laser intensity and magnetic field gradient ⃗⃗ , keeping the detuning of the trap laser fixed at an optimum value of . Assuming, that all cesium atoms of the background ( ) which enter the trapping region with velocities in the range will be trapped with a certainty of 1, it is possible to develop a model for the capture rate in terms of the capture velocity of cesium vapor cell magneto-optical trap. By experimentally measuring the capture rate as a function of trap laser intensity and magnetic field gradient ⃗⃗ and determining the capture velocity corresponding to the measured capture rate by using simulation graph, it is possible to investigate the intensity and magnetic field dependence of the capture velocity ⃗⃗ . In the present work, the capture dynamics of the magneto-optical trap has been fully investigated. Finally, the magneto-optical trap is suspected to be a stochastic dynamical system as well. Due to the random photon recoils ( ⃗ ) imparted to the atom, the radiative force has a fluctuating force superimposed upon the average force 〈 〉. As a consequence of this fluctuating force, the external and internal dynamics of the atoms become stochastic whose signatures can be found in the resonance fluorescence emitted by the trapped atoms. In the present work, by using the techniques of non-linear time-series analysis, the stochastic dynamics of atom-photon interaction in a magneto-optical trap has been investigated. In short, the conclusion of the thesis is that the magneto-optical trap promises to be an interesting non-linear quantum dynamical system.
ناطق کی شادی 2010 میں ہوئی۔ان کی زوجہ پاک آرمی میں ڈاکٹر تھیں ۔ان کی شادی تقریباً 5 سال رہی لیکن یہ شادی مزید نہ چل سکی اور بیوی سے علیحدگی ہو گئی یعنی 2015 ئ میں طلاق ہو گئی۔انہوں نے شادی کا دوبارہ تاحال نہیں سوچا۔ اللہ تعالیٰ نے بیٹی جیسی رحمت سے نوازا جس کا نام’’وجیہہ فاطمہ ‘‘ ہے۔بیٹی اپنی والدہ کے ساتھ لاہور میں ہی رہتی ہیں۔
The main purpose of this paper is to examine the Sharia’h appraisal of House Building Finance Corporation Limited. The House Building Finance Corporation was established in 1952 under the act of parliament to finance construction of houses in the urban areas of Pakistan. In this research Ghar Aasān (Flexi) product of HBFCL is examined from Sharia’h perspective and a comparison is made with Islamic Banking (Meezan Bank Limited) and Conventional Banking United Bank Limited (UBL). This study also comprises the opinion of Sharia’h experts for the shariah compliance of Ghar Aasān (Flexi) scheme.
Democratic theorists believe that news media could and should communicate information that is essential in a democracy. News media function as a primary source of information about politics. People rely heavily on political news to understand the political world, acquiring political information and inspecting the performance of governments. Prior results of the studies show that political news consumption effects Political discussion, political perceptions, political participation and evaluation of political process. This study examines the effects of political news consumption and political deliberation on the political behaviour of a key group of voters during an election campaign in Pakistan. It explores the process by which political news consumption affects political behaviour. The research found evidence that the effects of mass media on the political behaviour are less as compared to the interpersonal communication. A Cross sectional survey was used to collect data of a key group of voters in Lahore. Sample of the voters was taken employing multistage purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was done using multiple regression analysis to gauge the variance shared by the political news and political deliberation in sharing political behaviour. Results of the study provide an exploratory understanding of relationship between News Media use, political deliberation, and Political Behaviour. It demonstrates an innovative strategy to assess the implications of Political News for Political Behaviour in society.