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Lie and Noether-Like Operations for a Class of Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations

Thesis Info

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Author

Farooq, Muhammad Umar

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Engineering and Technology

City

Taxila

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Mathemaics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10764/1/Muhammad_Omar_Farooq_eng_Manage_2019_UET_Taxila_21.03.2019.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726582630

Similar


It is evident from the last few decades that world is rapidly moving towards information technology and the developing countries are also becoming part of it.Organizations are transforming from their traditional way of doing business to new IT-based solutions for their survival, growth and competitiveness. Different Enterprise Systems are present in the market but Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is one of the most highly recognized solutions in the corporate world due to various tangible benefits like-improved administrative control and to gain real time information for making decisions right on time. Normally, ERP consist of packaged software embedded with world best practices and composed of different modules like Human Resource Management, Marketing, Finance, Productions, Sales etc. These modules are closely integrated with each other to provide cross organizational control and improved visibility of different business functions. The software packages are customized up to certain limits and based on the specific needs of the organizations. ERP is considered as a very important advancement in the field of technology of the corporate world in 1990. The principal reason of ERP failure is commonly associated with poor management of implementation process. Implementing ERP is one of the riskiest decisions that organizations take due to high cost involvement and complex implementation process. Many researchers have pointed out high failure rate in ERP implementation projects in terms of cost overrun, schedule overrun and failure to achieve the desire objectives. This implies that an in-depth research study is required to mitigate the failures factors. ‘ERP implementation failures’ is one of the most common topic discussed by the researchers and industry experts. But there are very few researchers who talk about the mitigation strategies to overcome these failure issues. Literature shows that mostly available standards and guidelines are for the developed instead for the developing countries. Whereas the developing countries are also moving towards enterprise systems rapidly. There are some specific challenges from which developing countries have to pass through that are entirely different conditions from the implied assumption of technology advanced countries.Pakistan is also one of those countries where many organizations are moving towards ERP system but the comparative growth of ERP implementation is not promising like other countries of the world and of South Asia with similar economies and cultural back ground. The main reason behind this is that there is lack of comprehensive guidelines for developing countries. No study in available in the literature that contains guidelines for ERP implementation projects for the in industry in Pakistan. It is evident from the previous studies that to make a project successful there are some critical factors that can differ from region to region which require special care and must be strictly monitored and controlled. The study will provide strategy that will be helpful to handle issues faced by the industry in Pakistan during the implementation of ERP. These identified factors will guide what to avoid and what to practice to achieve success. This study is based on the exploratory mixed method of sequential research design in depth relationship among the variables and to cross validate the variable discovered. The basic objective to use qualitative method is to develop the strategy and quantitative method is to validate the component of strategy. CSF and CFF have been explored using quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection and then results are analyzed. Qualitative data has been collected using semi-structured interviews from the people who have core involvement in ERP implementation process from both client organizations and the vendor organization of Pakistan. Similarly, quantitative data has been collected by sharing online survey using self-established instrument with the people involved in in ERP implementation process. The survey instrument was developed containing 48 questions based on the mapping of the factors obtained from literature review and interviews. Different tools have been used for data analysis like NVIVO for qualitative data analysis and SPSS, EFA, PLS-structure modeling for quantitative data analysis. Finally, the results are merged to reach on final conclusion. Case study methodology is used to implement and validate the proposed strategy in a company where ERP is in process of implementation. The core objective to conduct this research study is to formulate an effective ERP implementation strategy that can reduce cost, minimize complexity and support organizations to gain the desired outcomes. Different components of strategy are explored like Role of Top Management, Role of Project Management, Change Management, Strategy to Involve Users in Trainings, Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Techniques and Role of Vendor are explored. Components of proposed guidelines are validated using face validity, content validity. The proposed strategy will provide a structured approach based on the critical factors in the implementation part and will be a huge contribution in the body of knowledge for not only the organizations in Pakistan but also in other developing countries and will work as business game changer.
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ٹریفک کے قوانین کی پابندی

ٹریفک کے قوانین کی پابندی
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معززصدر ِمحترم اور میرے ساتھیو! السلام علیکم۔ آج مجھے جس موضوع پرلب کشائی کرنی ہے وہ ہے:’’ٹریفک کے قوانین کی پابندی‘‘
صدرِ ذی وقار!
بظاہر انسان پیدائش سے لے کر وفات تک پابندیوں کے جال میں پھنسا رہتا ہے۔ کوئی پابندیاں اُس پر خاندان کی طرف سے ہوتی ہیں، کوئی پابندی اُس پر اہل خانہ کی طرف سے ہوتی ہے۔ کہیں معاشرے کی پابندیاں اُس کو پابند سلاسل بنارہی ہیں، اور جب ہوش سنبھلتاہے، کھوٹے اور کھرے میں تمیز کرنے کی نوبت آتی ہے توبحیثیت مسلمان اسلامی پابندیاں، عبادات کی پابندیاں، معاملات کی پابندیاں، اعتقادات کی پابندیاں اُس کے گرد گھیراتنگ کر دیتی ہیں۔
بعض پابندیاں ایسی ہوتی ہیں جس سے آزادی کی نعمت چھن جاتی ہے اور بعض پابندیاں ایسی ہوتی ہیں کہ وہ آزادی کے استحکام اور استمرار بخشنے میں ممد و معاون ثابت ہوتی ہیں، جیسے اسلامی پابندیاں جو بظاہر پابندیاں نظر آتی ہیں لیکن حقیقتاً وہ آزادی جاں فزا ہوتی ہیں۔
وہ ایک سجدہ جسے تو گراں سمجھتا ہے
ہزار سجدے سے دیتا ہے آدمی کو نجات
جنابِ صدر!
بعض پابندیاں ایسی ہوتی ہیں جو حکومت عوام اور ملک و قوم کے تحفظ کی خاطرلگاتی ہے۔ ان ہی میں ٹریفک کے قوانین کی پابندی ہے ،ٹریفک سے مراد گاڑیوں کی آمد ورفت ہے، گاڑیوں کی آمد ورفت میں آئے دن اضافہ ہورہا ہے۔ گاڑیوں کا اژد ہا آئے روز بڑھتا جارہا ہے، ٹر یفک کے قوانین کی پابندی جان کی حفاظت کے لیے انتہائی ناگزیر ہے، ایک لمحہ کی غفلت جان لیوا ثابت ہوسکتی ہے ، ٹریفک کے قوانین کی پابندی سے جہاں دیگر حضرات محفوظ رہتے ہیں وہاں حادثے سے اور اپنی جان کے ضیاع سے خودڈرائیور...

DOSE-DEPENDENT ANTI-DEPRESSANT EFFECT OF CITRUS PARADISI IN REHABILITATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

With advancement in the modern world, psychological issues, including anxiety and depression has become the leading cause of mental illness. Herbal products have been explored to observe their effects in helping such conditions and citrus fruits are found to be among these helping tools. To study this, current research was designed to explore the antidepressant effects of Citrus paradisi in various doses on rodents. Swiss Albino mice were used and fresh extract of Citrus paradisi was prepared. Imipramine was used as the standard drug. Ethical approval was taken from the Board of Advanced Studies, University of Karachi. The animals were divided into controlled, standard and test groups. All the animals were recruited from the animal house of University of Karachi. Forced Swimming Test was used to analyses the efficacy. It is a standard test, which is commonly used to evaluate the behavioral response in animals using a cylinder at room temperature. After the completion of dosing and monitoring the animals for 30 days, it was observed that marked improvement in the test animal’s behavior with significant p-values indicating that the extract has improved the animal’s psychological response towards the external stress and animals showed noteworthy improvement in the mobile phase as compared to the immobile phase. It can be concluded from the experimental results that protocol established in this study can be used as an alternative for patients suffering with depression as an herbal option, keeping in mind the other co morbidities of patient and drug interactions of Citrus paradisi.

A Critical Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Teaching Methods of Quran and Sunnah at Secondary Level

The main purpose of the study was to identify effective and suitable methods for teaching the students at secondary level. In order to derive the desired objective the teaching methods of Quran and Sunnah and traditional methods were selected for teaching English grammar parts of speech, tenses, stories and composition at secondary level. The research study was experimental in nature and GGHS Tarnab Farm Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was selected as sample through purposive sampling. There were two sections of class 9th in the school. From each section 30 students were selected randomly through new draw method techniques. One group was considered as experimental and other as control group. One of the teachers from the same school was selected to teach both the group English grammar (part of speech, tenses, stories, and composition in separate period of 40 minutes daily. For the control group teacher used traditional method while experimental group was taught by teaching methods of Quran and Sunnah. The researcher briefed and guided the teacher for both the traditional method and teaching methods of Quran and Sunnah, direct method, lecture method, question/answer method. The experiment was conducted in 48 working days. Two achievement tests were administered in the subject of English at secondary level. Pre-tets was administered before starting the experiment while post test was administered on completion of experimental task. Two attitude scales: one for control group and other for experimental group were also administered at the end in order to explore the students’ views about the selected methods of teaching and their effectiveness at secondary level. The collected data through achievement tests was analysed through SPSS version 17. The t-test was applied for two independent variables. And means, standard deviations, degree of freedom t-value and p-value were obtained, significance level between the mean scores was seen at .05 level as the criterion for the rejection of null hypothesis. The collected data through attitude scales was analyzed by applying percentage. The results obtained through two achievement tests and two attitude tests showed better performance of the students of experimental group than control group. The time schedule for per-period was divided in to three parts, time taken by teacher, time used by student and time used by both students and teacher, percentage was applied for analysis of proportionate amount of time. The findings of study are that the students who had been taught through Quran and Sunnah teaching methods showed good performance, understand more and considered these methods more effective than control group who had been taught by traditional method of teaching. The study recommends that the teaching method of Quran and Sunnah may be used at higher secondary level. These methods may be applied in teaching of other subjects like Urdu, Islamiyyat and Pakistan studies and other subjects. Distance education may play an important role by introducing these methods in teachers. All the pre-service and in service training institutes may bring awareness among teachers about benefits and effective uses of Quran and Sunnah teaching methods.