سیالکوٹ ایک تاریخی اور ادبی خطہ رہا ہے۔ اس کی تاریخ پانچ ہزار سال پر محیط ہے۔یہ خطہ جغرافیائی لحاظ سے اس مقام پر واقع ہے جہاں کئی آبی گذرگاہیں ہیں۔ کشمیر اور پنجاب کے دیگر تجارتی شہروں سے اس کا قریبی رابطہ ہے۔ سیالکوٹ تاریخی، ثقافتی، سماجی، تہذیبی، علمی اور ادبی لحاظ سے لاہور اور دوسرے ادبی، ثقافتی، تہذیبی، تاریخی اور علمی شہروں سے کسی طور پر بھی کم نہیں۔ اس شہر کی ثقافت توانائی اور رنگا رنگی لیے ہوئے ہے۔ یہاں کے میلے ٹھیلے، روایتی تہوار اور دیگر ثقافتی سرگرمیاں اس خطے کو ہمیشہ ممتاز کرتی رہی ہیں۔
سیالکوٹ کو اقبال و فیض کے مولد ہونے کا لا زوال فخر حاصل ہے۔ یہ ایک صنعتی شہر ہے ۔اس کی آبادی تقریباً تیس لاکھ سے زیادہ نفوس پر مشتمل ہے سر زمین سیالکوٹ صدیوں کی انسانی تہذیب و تمدن اور ادب و ثقافت کا عظیم الشان گہوارہ ہے۔ اس دھرتی کے تاریخی آثار مدت سے مورخین و ماہرین آثار قدیمہ کی دلچسپی کا سامان بھی رہے ہیں۔ یہاں کی تہذیب ٹیکسلا اور موہنجو ڈارو کی تہذیبوں کے ہم پلہ ہے۔
سیالکوٹ کی مٹی بڑی زرخیز اور مردم خیز ہے۔سرزمین سیالکوٹ نے علم و ادب اور فنون لطیفہ کے میدانوں میں گراں قدر خدمات سرانجام دی ہیں۔ اس خطے کے باشندوں نے پاکستان کی صنعتی و اقتصادی ترقی کے ساتھ ساتھ علم و فن کی خدمت بھی جاری رکھی۔ ماضی میں ملا کمال کشمیری، ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی، امین حزیں سیالکوٹی، اثر صہبائی، مرزا ریاض اور غلام الثقلین نقوی نے علمی وادبی حوالے سے سیالکوٹ کا نام روشن کیا۔ مولوی میر حسن، مولوی ابراہیم میر، ڈاکٹر جمشید راٹھور اور یوسف سلیم چشتی نے علم کی پیاس بجھائی۔ڈاکٹر وحیدقریشی سیالکوٹ کے ادبی ماحول کے بارے میں رقمطراز ہیں۔
”دینی...
The status, empowerment and dignity of woman in Islam is the crucial topic in the modern times. According to Islamic point of view, men and women have been created from a one soul. The main difference between them lies in the physical structure. A woman has to bring up, train and look after kids, which is the complicated task to civilize a nation. The issue of woman`s activities in Islam, is misunderstood and distorted due to misreporting of western media and misbehavior of some Muslim families. There is a large number of women scholars in Islamic history, Dr. Akram Nadwi has compiled the biographies of ten thousand female scholars in his commendable book of forty volumes. In educational system of Islam, a woman is completely free to perform educational activities for development of her nation. In social system of Islam, a woman is honored as mother, as daughter, as sister and as wife. The first converter to Islam was a woman, “Hazrat Khadijah (R.A)”. Hazrat Ayesha (R.A) was great scholar who reported many traditions from Holy Prophet( SAW). Many female Companions of Holy prophet( SAW) have performed great deeds even in the field of battlefield. There is a strong basis in Islamic history for women`s participation in positiveand constructive activities in every walk of life. Muslim women are allowed to perform research, educational, national, religious, social, and financial and other constructive activities. In this research paper, Islamic overview has been described upon positive and constructive activities of women in the light of Islamic teachings.
Conducting polymer blends and nanocomposites constituting conducting polymers (CPs) have fascinated noteworthy considerations for both academic and industrial research due to their important and captivating applications. In the current endeavor eight different series of nanocomposites of conjugated polymers have been efficiently fabricated via layer by layer in situ oxidative polymerization i.e. NF-G & F-G/PANi/PSMA/ODA, FG & FG-NH2/PANi/PMMA/PPG-b-PEG-b-PPG, NF-G & FG/PPy/PEG/PSMA/MDA, FG & FG-NH2/PPy/PVC/PDA. The fabrication of nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANi) and poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)cumene terminated (PSMA), polypyrole (PPy), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)cumene terminated (PSMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(propylene glycol)-b-poly(ethylene - - - - - - - 1 -phenylene diamine (PDA) as crosslinking agent with non-functional and functional graphite as filler was performed. For each series we studied the influence of various feeding ratios by varying weight % of CP (2%, 5% and 10%). Physical characteristics of resultant nanocomposites were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) respectively. The thermal, electrical and surface area properties of the conducting polymer blends and nanocomposites were also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis. Relative to non-functional composites, functional composites displayed more improved characteristics such as exhibited higher thermal stability and improved electrical conductivity by the incorporation of modified graphite. According to the differential scanning calorimetry the glass transition temperature, melting temperature and crystallization temperature of the composites increases with the incorporation of modified graphite. FG-NH2 in resultant nanocomposites play an important role in forming conducting network in matrix indicating synergistic effect between polymer matrices and filler. The DSC studies are also complimented by X-ray diffraction results. The PMMA copolymer chains can stabilize the growth of PANi chains by the formation of hydrogen bonding between imine groups in PANi and carbonyl groups in MMA units and by providing sites for electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites was also found to be a function of CPs loadings. However, nanocomposites possessed higher conductivities values ascribed to the presence of thermally more stable and electrically conductive modified graphite in composites. According to four probe test, the conductivity of ultimate nanocomposites increased dramatically. The composites constituting higher mass ratio shows increased electrical conductivity performance. Newly fabricated series of conducting nanocomposites may act as useful contenders in industrial appliances such as polymer Li-ion batteries.