Legal Authority of the Prophet Muhammad and the Orientalists: A Critical Study

Civic behavior reflects the values related to individual’s attitude towards family, peer group, and neighborhood and includes the way one behaves in the society and community as a whole. The purpose of the present study is to describe what civic behavior is, its characteristics, its status in the Hadith, and the way forward for improvement of the civic behavior as guided by Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ). Study implies that truthfulness, mercifulness, polite talk, helping others, respect for others, caring and sharing and promise-keeping, loyalty, sympathy, honesty, kindness, brotherhood, cooperation, fairness and unity are the core qualities that make the individual a civilized and active citizen and our Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is the embodiment of all these virtues. Descriptive approach was followed to explain and analyze the concept. First the concept of civic behavior was interpreted, then its importance and characteristics were discussed. After that it was explored in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The findings highlight that the civic behavior in its best form was preached and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions. Each dimension was interpreted in the light of the Quran and the Sīrah. It was concluded that Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is an immaculate source of guidance and inspiration for not only Muslims but also for the whole mankind in acquiring the core values and abilities that determine the Civic behavior of an individual which ultimately results into a well-organized, peaceful and civilized society The study suggests that civic behavior of the citizens has significant impact on the formation and development of a peaceful society. It is recommended that civic behavior as reflected in the life of and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) should be promoted and practiced for achieving a civilized social setup.

پاکستان ٹیلیویژن کے سلسلہ وار اردو ڈرامے میں پنجاب اور سندھ کے جاگیردارانہ سماج کا تحقیقی وتجزیاتی مطالعہ

Drama is among one of the earlier forms of literature. Drama is a medium that has been used to represent cultural and Social realities Since its earliest days. This representation became more evident in the form of television drama. East India company's arrival in the sub-continent brought stage in India and drama started to presented on stage. Theatrical companies started putting on performances for verging audiences. Drama became even more popular with the advent of television. Radio and stage failed to complete with the popularity of television drama. This research (and Thesis) is about those television plays which are based on the feudal societies of Punjab and Sindh. As it would have made the discussion extremely lengthy to include plays from all the centers of Pakistan television, plays from Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore centers taken for the research. The first chapter introduces the topic of the thesis. The basics and principles of drama, its literary impotence, it beginning and evolution, its kinds and traditions are discussed. The second chapter is discusses the feudal system. The reasons of its strength are explanation. How it began and ended in Europe? Why has it survived in Pakistan while being eradicated from the rest of the world? Answers to all such questions are provided in this chapter. Details of when and how PTV transmissions began are furnished as well. From its onset till the twenty first century, feudal system has been a theme of PTV drama repeatedly. Third, fourth and fifth chapters present a critical review of the plays about this system in the light of Pakistan's political and social situation. The last chapter puts forward the marrow of the entire research as it provider an overall analysis of these plays and advances the outcome and recommendations in this regard.