خاندانی کاروبار میں جانشینی کی منصوبہ بندی اور اس سے متعلق وصیت ووراثت کے شرعی احکام

Family Business is a very important form of business in this era and especially because of this it merely does not matter the business, but more sensitivity is of close relatives and relationships. That is why it has many administrative, Shariah and ethical complications. That is why, this theme has been created as a field of discussion and research. The most important thing in the family business is to successfully move to the next generation. It is very important to successfully succeed in transferring business towards next family generation. The “Succession Planning” is very important for this purpose. We would like to describe this plan with brief detail in this article. Along with this, whatever is written by Shariah, it will also be mentioned. The most important point is that it should be documented when the business is transferring from one generation to another generation. In this article, you will be able to get special guidance on both aspects of topic: management and sharia law.

Challenges During Crisis Management in Higher Educational Institutions: Perspectives on Leadership and Organizational Learning

With the increasing number of crisis events occurring in higher educational institutions across the globe, crisis management has attracted wider attention of the research community. Although developed countries have created some response mechanism, but Higher Education Institutes (HEI’s) in Pakistan are not generally equipped or prepared to respond to such crisis events. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a research study on crisis management in Pakistan to explore its importance and to safeguard the interests of all stakeholders. This research study employed a multiple case study approach based on Zdziarski’s ‘Crisis Matrix’ as the basis for selecting and exploring crises in several higher educational institutions across Pakistan to gain real life experience and collected the data related to different types of crises. Chaos theory was used as the underpinning theory for this study. Purposive sampling was utilized to select at least two institutions for each type of crises and information rich respondents were identified to collect relevant and authentic account of event. The purpose of this research study was to report detailed descriptions of challenges faced by the institutions and strategies adopted by leaders who had experienced different forms of campus crisis. It further elaborated on the leadership roles and responsibilities employed during or after the incident along with the steps taken to mitigate the possible risks. Additionally, a comprehensive list of leadership characteristics required for organizational learning for post crisis management was explored. Data analysis across the three types of crises revealed three themes in crisis management; (i) cause and trigger (ii) incident response and control (iii) mitigation and recovery. Similarly, three meta-themes associated with crisis leadership were derived from a synthesis of leadership roles and responsibilities used during crisis. These included; (i) detect and interpret signal (ii) identify practical and unique solutions (iii) leading and sustaining.Finally, three meta-themes associated with organizational learning were gleaned. There were (i) debriefing (ii) training, (iii) reconfiguring. The findings of this research study supported the importance of development and dissemination of a comprehensive crisis management plan to all stakeholders. This was achieved when leaders dealt with the challenges and learnt from these crises. This learning helped evaluate the plan and actual crises responses before, during, and after a crisis event. The findings from this study provided not only an overview of leadership challenges and strategies but practical strategies for university administrators. This study has both practical and theoretical significance for the administration in educational institutes. By understanding the unique properties and nature of the crises, this study elucidated how threatened the higher education institutes are and helped prepare leaders to identify areas in which administration may take a lead. Theoretically, by exploring the role of organizational learning in crisis management this research will provide new research frontiers where various unexplored or underexplored issues may be discovered that are critical to the institutes’ uninterrupted operations.